Quaternized Chitosan Derivatives as Viable Antiviral Agents: Structure–Activity Correlations and Mechanisms of Action

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Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2023-04-19

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Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

18707–18719

Series

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Volume 15, issue 15

Abstract

Cationic polysaccharides have demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties and have great potential in medical applications, where the antiviral activity is of great interest. As of today, alcohols and oxidizing agents are commonly used as antiviral disinfectants. However, these compounds are not environmentally safe, have short activity periods, and may cause health issues. Therefore, this study aimed to develop metal-free and environmentally friendly quaternary chitosans (QCs) with excellent long-lasting virucidal activity. To evaluate this, both single and double QCs were obtained using AETMAC ([2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride) and GTMAC (glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride) quaternary precursors. Further, this study investigated the influence of the quaternary functional group, charge density, and molecular weight (Mw) on the antiviral properties of QCs. It is proposed that the higher charge density, along with the length of alkyl linkers, and hydrophobic interactions affected the antiviral activity of QCs. The findings demonstrated that heterogeneously functionalized chitosan exhibited excellent antiviral activity against both the enveloped virus φ6 and the nonenveloped viruses φX174 and MS2. These quaternized chitosan derivatives have promising potential as viable antiviral agents, as hand/surface sanitizers, or in other biomedical applications.

Description

The authors would like to thank Ahmed and Prof. Mauri Kostiainen for help in cryo-TEM sample preparation and image acquisition and Dr. Leena Pitkänen for help toward GPC analysis. The authors would like to thank the Academy of Finland (project number 133355163 SA/COVID-19) for providing funding for this project. I.L. would like to thank Svenska Kulturfonden for the PhD scholarship. This work made use of the BIOECONOMY and OTANANO infrastructure at the Aalto University.

Keywords

chitosan, double quaternization, virucidal, antimicrobial, eco-friendly

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Citation

Teotia, A, Lauren, I, Borandeh, S & Seppälä, J 2023, ' Quaternized Chitosan Derivatives as Viable Antiviral Agents: Structure–Activity Correlations and Mechanisms of Action ', ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, vol. 15, no. 15, pp. 18707–18719 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c01421