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Limitations in cooling electrons using normal-metal-superconductor tunnel junctions
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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en
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4
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Physical Review Letters, Volume 92, issue 5, pp. 1-4
Abstract
We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally two limiting factors in cooling electrons using biased tunnel junctions to extract heat from a normal metal into a superconductor. First, when the injection rate of electrons exceeds the internal relaxation rate in the metal to be cooled, the electrons do not obey the Fermi-Dirac distribution, and the concept of temperature cannot be applied as such. Second, at low bath temperatures, states within the gap induce anomalous heating and yield a theoretical limit of the achievable minimum temperature.
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Pekola, J, Heikkilä, T, Savin, A, Flyktman, J T, Giazotto, F & Hekking, F W J 2004, 'Limitations in cooling electrons using normal-metal-superconductor tunnel junctions', Physical Review Letters, vol. 92, no. 5, 056804, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.056804