Modification of Ioncell spinning technology to increase fiber toughness and create a water-repellent surface

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School of Chemical Technology | Doctoral thesis (article-based) | Defence date: 2022-05-20
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Authors

Date

2022

Department

Biotuotteiden ja biotekniikan laitos
Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems

Major/Subject

Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

82 + app. 86

Series

Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES, 52/2022

Abstract

This thesis work presents an eco-friendly way of hydrophobizing the Ioncell fibers and strategies to improve the mechanical properties (especially toughness) of the Ioncell fibers. In the first part of this thesis, hydrophobization of the Ioncell fibers was achieved by incorporating plant-based hydrophobic agents Betulin (BE) and Betulinic acid (BA) into the spun fibers during dry-jet wet spinning. 10 wt% BE and BA incorporated cellulose solution showed excellent spinnabilities, and the mechanical properties of the spun Ioncell fibers. Both BE and BA introduced hydrophobicity (defined by water contact angle >90 degree) into the spun staple fibers, and the hydrophobicity was transferred to the nonwovens and yarns. However, BA showed better compatibility with cellulose than BE, which was evident from the surface morphologies of the fibers and the yarn spinnability of the staple fibers. To improve the toughness of the Ioncell fibers, the effects of the spinneret aspect ratio (L/D) and the high molecular weight containing pulp on the mechanical properties of spun fibers were investigated in the second part of the thesis. Combining high molecular weight pulp and the spinneret with L/D 2, the highest toughness (83.3 MPa) and tensile strength (61.5 cN/tex) of the Ioncell fibers were achieved. Numeric simulations revealed that the combined effect of the longer molecular cellulose chains and the longer capillary length foster the cellulose chain alignment inside the spinneret capillary resulted in simultaneous improvement of elongation and tensile strength. Furthermore, as a continuation of this research, a wide variety of spinneret geometries was applied to observe the effect of spinneret geometries on fiber toughness. Optimization of spinneret geometrical parameters significantly improved fiber mechanical properties. Interestingly, the fiber toughness was improved up to 93 MPa (12% more than the initial study) using a spinneret with optimized geometries (hole diameter 100 μm, L/D 1 and entrance cone 8°) and high molecular weight pulp. The structural properties such as longer periodicity of the lamellar plane, wider tilt angle, and lower microvoid orientation were presumably attributed to the high toughness of the fibers. In summary, this thesis work has developed eco-friendly approaches for fiber hydrophobization and improvement of the mechanical properties of the Ioncell fibers – a step forward for building a sustainable textile industry by reducing harmful impacts on the environment.

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Supervising professor

Sixta, Herbert, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Finland

Thesis advisor

Sixta, Herbert, Prof., Aalto University, Finland

Keywords

hydrophobization, Ioncell, spinneret geometry, toughness, capillary aspect ratio

Other note

Parts

  • [Publication 1]: Moriam, Kaniz; Rissanen, Marja; Sawada, Daisuke; Altgen, Michael; Johansson, Leena- Sisko; Evtyugin, Dmitry; Guizani, Chamseddine; Hummel, Michael; Sixta, Herbert. 2021. Hydrophobization of the man-made cellulosic fibers by incorporating plant-derived hydrophobic compounds. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, volume 9, issue 13, pages 4915-4925.
    Full text in Acris/Aaltodoc: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-202104286427
    DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00695 View at publisher
  • [Publication 2]: Moriam, Kaniz; Sawada, Daisuke; Nieminen, Kaarlo; Hummel, Michael; Ma, Yibo; Rissanen, Marja; Sixta, Herbert. 2021. Towards regenerated cellulose fibers with high toughness. Cellulose 28, 9547–9566 (2021).
    Full text in Acris/Aaltodoc: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-202110069515
    DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04134-9 View at publisher
  • [Publication 3]: Moriam, Kaniz; Sawada, Daisuke; Nieminen, Kaarlo; Ma, Yibo; Rissanen, Marja; Nygren, Nicole; Guizani, Chamseddine; Hummel, Michael; Sixta, Herbert. 2021. Spinneret geometry modulates the mechanical properties of man-made cellulose fibers. Cellulose 28, 11165–11181 (2021).
    Full text in Acris/Aaltodoc: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-2021111010084
    DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04220-y View at publisher

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https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-64-0766-1

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[diss] Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu / CHEM