Validation of a Heat Pump System Model for Energy Recycling in Grocery Stores Through On-Site Energy Monitoring
Loading...
Access rights
openAccess
CC BY
CC BY
publishedVersion
URL
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
This publication is imported from Aalto University research portal.
View publication in the Research portal (opens in new window)
View/Open full text file from the Research portal (opens in new window)
Other link related to publication (opens in new window)
View publication in the Research portal (opens in new window)
View/Open full text file from the Research portal (opens in new window)
Other link related to publication (opens in new window)
Unless otherwise stated, all rights belong to the author. You may download, display and print this publication for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.
Date
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
26
Series
Energies, Volume 18, issue 4
Abstract
This paper presents a validated simulation model for heat pump-based energy recycling systems, with a focus on heat recovery applications in grocery stores. Heat is recovered through heat pumps from a subcritical CO2-based refrigeration system, with exhaust air heat recovery used on demand according to the heating demand. The model is validated through a case study on a Finnish hypermarket-sized grocery store, where the heat pump system has been operational since 2020. Multi-objective energy optimization is used to validate the model by estimating critical decision variable values and providing error estimates compared to the measured data. The calibrated energy system model has a maximum mean bias error, MBE, of ±5% and a 10–15% coefficient of variation of root mean squared error, CV(RMSE), for the heat pump-related energy balance. Energy optimizations indicate that the control algorithm of the investigated heat pump system can be enhanced to reduce district heating consumption by 12%. The study emphasizes the need for numerous input parameters tailored to a system-specific layout to accurately reproduce the heat pump system’s control algorithm. Compared to a typical transcritical CO2 booster system with heat recovery, the novel heat recovery system shows superior heat recovery potential and a high total COP for both heating and cooling.Description
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 by the authors.
Keywords
Other note
Citation
Söderholm, N, Gröndahl, M, Niemelä, T, Jokisalo, J, Kosonen, R & Ni, L 2025, 'Validation of a Heat Pump System Model for Energy Recycling in Grocery Stores Through On-Site Energy Monitoring', Energies, vol. 18, no. 4, 1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18041003