Life cycle assessment of LTO-rich anode waste from lithium-ion battery with a hazardous waste management approach
No Thumbnail Available
Access rights
openAccess
publishedVersion
URL
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
This publication is imported from Aalto University research portal.
View publication in the Research portal (opens in new window)
View/Open full text file from the Research portal (opens in new window)
Other link related to publication (opens in new window)
View publication in the Research portal (opens in new window)
View/Open full text file from the Research portal (opens in new window)
Other link related to publication (opens in new window)
Date
2025-04
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
10
Series
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 215
Abstract
Lithium titanate oxide (LTO) batteries have been under intensive research due to their stability, safety, and rapid charging characteristics. Nevertheless, uncertainties as to LTO-batteries behavior when used as a raw material in battery recycling still exist. This study provides a grave-to-gate life cycle inventory for a hydrometallurgical battery recycling process in which Li-battery waste materials nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), LTO, and graphite were used as feed. The simulation showed that NMC cathode materials and lithium from both battery waste fractions could be recovered. In contrast, the titanium present within LTO cannot be recovered by the recycling process. Nevertheless, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the process demonstrated clear benefits of recycling battery materials, highlighted by the decrease in global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and ozone depletion potential. Additionally, two routes for hazardous waste management were simulated to ascertain the environmental impacts of hazardous waste management within the recycling process.Description
| openaire: EC/H2020/963646/EU//HELIOS
Keywords
Battery recycling, Battery waste, Flowsheet modeling, LCA (life cycle assessment), Lithium titanate, Process development, Sustainability
Other note
Citation
Arellano Sanchez, D, Rinne, M, Wilson, B P & Lundström, M 2025, ' Life cycle assessment of LTO-rich anode waste from lithium-ion battery with a hazardous waste management approach ', Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 215, 108058 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.108058