Prolongation of Battery Lifetime for Electric Buses through Flywheel Integration

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openAccess

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Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2021-02-09

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Mcode

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Language

en

Pages

19

Series

Energies, Volume 14, issue 4

Abstract

Electrification of transportation is an effective way to tackle climate change. Public transportation, such as electric buses, operate on predetermined routes and offer quiet operation, zero local emissions and high energy efficiency. However, the batteries of these buses are expensive and wear out in use. The battery ageing is expedited by fast charging and power spikes during operation. The contribution of this paper is the reduction of the power spikes and thus a prolonged battery lifetime. A novel hybrid energy storage system for electric buses is proposed by introducing a flywheel in addition to the existing battery. A simulation model of the hybrid energy storage system is presented, including a battery ageing model to measure the battery lifetime. The bus was simulated during its daily driving operation on different routes with different energy management strategies and flywheel configurations. These different flywheels as well as the driving cycle had a significant impact on the battery life increase. The proposed hybrid battery/flywheel storage system resulted in a battery lifetime increase of 20% on average.

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Keywords

hybrid electric bus, hybrid energy storage system, flywheel, battery lifetime, rule-based control, model predictive control

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Citation

Glucker, P, Kivekas, K, Vepsalainen, J, Mouratidis, P, Schneider, M, Rinderknecht, S & Tammi, K 2021, ' Prolongation of Battery Lifetime for Electric Buses through Flywheel Integration ', Energies, vol. 14, no. 4, 899 . https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040899