Multiscale approach to the electronic structure of doped semiconductor surfaces

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openAccess

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Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2015

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Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

1-16

Series

PHYSICAL REVIEW B, Volume 91, issue 7

Abstract

The inclusion of the global effects of semiconductor doping poses a unique challenge for first-principles simulations, because the typically low concentration of dopants renders an explicit treatment intractable. Furthermore, the width of the space-charge region (SCR) at charged surfaces often exceeds realistic supercell dimensions. Here, we present a multiscale technique that fully addresses these difficulties. It is based on the introduction of a charged sheet, mimicking the SCR-related field, along with free charge which mimics the bulk charge reservoir, such that the system is neutral overall. These augment a slab comprising “pseudoatoms” possessing a fractional nuclear charge matching the bulk doping concentration. Self-consistency is reached by imposing charge conservation and Fermi level equilibration between the bulk, treated semiclassically, and the electronic states of the slab, which are treated quantum-mechanically. The method, called CREST—the charge-reservoir electrostatic sheet technique—can beused with standard electronic structure codes. We validate CREST using a simple tight-binding model, which allows for comparison of its results with calculations encompassing the full SCR explicitly. Specifically, we show that CREST successfully predicts scenarios spanning the range from no to full Fermi level pinning. We then employ it with density functional theory, obtaining insight into the doping dependence of the electronic structures of the metallic “clean-cleaved” Si(111) surface and its semiconducting (2×1) reconstructions.

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Keywords

DFT, doping, electronic structure, multiscale, space charge region, surface science

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Citation

Sinai , O , Hofmann , O T , Rinke , P , Scheffler , M , Heimel , G & Kronik , L 2015 , ' Multiscale approach to the electronic structure of doped semiconductor surfaces ' , Physical Review B , vol. 91 , no. 7 , 075311 , pp. 1-16 . https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.075311