Smart energy management with demand response
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Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu |
Master's thesis
Authors
Date
2019-06-17
Department
Major/Subject
Sustainable Energy Conversion Processes
Mcode
ENG3069
Degree programme
Master's Programme in Advanced Energy Solutions (AAE)
Language
en
Pages
108+11
Series
Abstract
Demand Response on the grid level aims to stabilize the difference between the production and consumption of electricity and district heating. DR systems is a call to make systems smarter and efficient in terms of the energy consumption. It proves to be beneficial not just for the energy producers and clients in terms of cost effectiveness but lesser CO2 emission means that the DR system implementation is better for the environment. DR offers a chance for the grid to be stable. This results in less peak load during the day. This will in term help the grid to be less dependent on peak load power plants. This will reduce the load factor, i.e. the ratio of the actual power usage to the maximum. The main focus of this thesis is on three goals. The first part is to design a battery based on empirical formulations. This battery is simulated in Matlab, hence it gives a realistic and quick way to focus on how the battery performs. The battery is simulated based on the FCR-N market. The battery power changes according to the frequency from the grid. The second part focuses on the actual DR algorithm on commercial facilities. For this, a controller is designed in Matlab and is connected to IDA-ICE, which simulates the building dynamically. The idea behind the merger of two commercial software was to enhance the DR potential and increase profitability. The last part deals with offering air handling units(AHU)’s power to the reserve market (FCR-N). DR program simulation resulted in energy saving of about 15% of energy saving. The cost saving is about 16%-18% which can be projected to about 20,000 euro yearly.The battery was able to deliver 98.9% of time during the year, making the profit of about 311,000 euro. Lastly, through AHU’s power change for the reserve market, the revenue gain was about 1200 euro. The main conclusion from this thesis was the collaboration of two commercial software was made possible, the DR was able to provide results and FCR market was entered for battery system and AHU.Description
Supervisor
Lehtonen, MattiThesis advisor
Manninen, KreettaKeywords
battery simulation,, demand response, reserve market, HVAC