Utilization of synthesis gas
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School of Chemical Engineering |
Master's thesis
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Date
2010
Department
Major/Subject
Tehdassuunnittelu
Mcode
Kem-107
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
vi + 95
Series
Abstract
In recent years due to increased human awareness global warming and various environmental issues caused by the human activities, an increased interest has been observed in adopting renewable energy sources and more efficient processes for climate change mitigation. Synthesis gas which is a mixture of CO and H<sub>2</sub> with other impurities is product of gasification process. Biomass is increasingly used as a raw material in gasification process but the synthesis gas thus produced has varying content of impurities such as NOx, SOx, COS, H<sub>2</sub>S, CO<sub>2</sub>. In this project a unique approach is adopted to produce clean synthesis gas for power generation or hydrogen production and also to adjust synthesis gas for the production of other useful chemicals and fuels. For this process simple air based gasifier can be used. The impurities contained in the formed synthesis gas are absorbed at air or under elevated pressure to basic solution that contain bicarbonates or hydroxides. The CO present in the syngas reacts with the basic solution and produce formate. The formate solution formed can be thermally decomposed to H<sub>2</sub>, CO or formaldehyde while the salts of the impurities are retained in the solution. The salts produced in the thermal decomposition can be recycled back directly to the formate manufacturing step. The process is quite economical to integrate in the existing large scale chemical plants that consume hydrogen as a raw material. The production cost for hydrogen by this process is nearly 2 kEUROS/t and payback period is about 5 years. The impurities are separated by converting into suitable products.Description
Supervisor
Hurme, MarkkuThesis advisor
Melin, KristianKeywords
biomass, gasification, synthesis gas, biofuel