Evolution of the average avalanche shape with the universality class

A multitude of systems ranging from the Barkhausen effect in ferromagnetic materials to plastic deformation and earthquakes respond to slow external driving by exhibiting intermittent, scale-free avalanche dynamics or crackling noise. The avalanches are power-law distributed in size, and have a typical average shape: these are the two most important signatures of avalanching systems. Here we show how the average avalanche shape evolves with the universality class of the avalanche dynamics by employing a combination of scaling theory, extensive numerical simulations and data from crack propagation experiments. It follows a simple scaling form parameterized by two numbers, the scaling exponent relating the average avalanche size to its duration and a parameter characterizing the temporal asymmetry of the avalanches. The latter reflects a broken time-reversal symmetry in the avalanche dynamics, emerging from the local nature of the interaction kernel mediating the avalanche dynamics.

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avalanche

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10.1038/ncomms3927

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Laurson, L, Illa, X, Santucci, S, Tallakstad, K-T, Maloy, K J & Alava, M J 2013, 'Evolution of the average avalanche shape with the universality class', Nature Communications, vol. 4, 2927, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3927

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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201710157183

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[article-cris] Perustieteiden korkeakoulu / SCI

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Evolution of the average avalanche shape with the universality class

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