Helicity proxies from linear polarisation of solar active regions

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Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2020-09-08

Department

Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
Carnegie Mellon University
Professorship Korpi-Lagg Maarit
Department of Computer Science

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Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

12

Series

Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 641

Abstract

Context. The α effect is believed to play a key role in the generation of the solar magnetic field. A fundamental test for its significance in the solar dynamo is to look for magnetic helicity of opposite signs both between the two hemispheres as well as between small and large scales. However, measuring magnetic helicity is compromised by the inability to fully infer the magnetic field vector from observations of solar spectra, caused by what is known as the π ambiguity of spectropolarimetric observations. Aims. We decompose linear polarisation into parity-even and parity-odd E and B polarisations, which are not affected by the π ambiguity. Furthermore, we study whether the correlations of spatial Fourier spectra of B and parity-even quantities such as E or temperature T are a robust proxy for magnetic helicity of solar magnetic fields. Methods. We analysed polarisation measurements of active regions observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics observatory. Theory predicts themagnetic helicity of active regions to have, statistically, opposite signs in the two hemispheres. We then computed the parity-odd EB and TB correlations and tested for a systematic preference of their sign based on the hemisphere of the active regions. Results. We find that: (i) EB and TB correlations are a reliable proxy for magnetic helicity, when computed from linear polarisation measurements away from spectral line cores; and (ii) E polarisation reverses its sign close to the line core. Our analysis reveals that Faraday rotation does not have a significant influence on the computed parity-odd correlations. Conclusions. The EB decomposition of linear polarisation appears to be a good proxy for magnetic helicity independent of the π ambiguity. This allows us to routinely infer magnetic helicity directly from polarisation measurements.

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Keywords

Sun: magnetic fields, polarization, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), dynamo, MAGNETIC-FIELDS, GRAVITY-WAVES, VECTOR, AMBIGUITY

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Citation

Prabhu , A , Brandenburg , A , Kaepylae , M J & Lagg , A 2020 , ' Helicity proxies from linear polarisation of solar active regions ' , Astronomy & Astrophysics , vol. 641 , A46 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037614