Design and Characterization of Phase Holograms for Standoff Localization at Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves

dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.authorPalli, Samu Villeen_US
dc.contributor.authorTamminen, Aleksien_US
dc.contributor.authorAla-Laurinaho, Juhaen_US
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Zachary D.en_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Electronics and Nanoengineeringen
dc.contributor.groupauthorZachary Taylor Groupen
dc.contributor.groupauthorVille Viikari Groupen
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-26T07:49:51Z
dc.date.available2022-01-26T07:49:51Z
dc.date.issued2022-01-01en_US
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: Author
dc.description.abstractWe present design, simulation, and experimental characterization of dual-band frequency-diverse holograms for distributed beamforming. The holograms operate in the 50-75 GHz (WR-15) and 220-330 GHz (WR-3.4) bands for millimeter-and submillimeter-wave imaging. The holograms are designed to create a dispersive field in the region of interest (RoI) located 600 mm from the aperture. The holograms lie in the front end of an imaging setup and modulate the phase of the incident collimated beam from a parabolic mirror. The distributed beamforming enables interrogation of the RoI so that the measured reflection through the dispersive propagation path conveys the spatial information of the target. Different phase modulation schemes are evaluated, and two prototype holograms are manufactured. The dispersive operation and efficiency of the hologram are characterized with both simulations and measurements. The frequency diversity of the holograms is quantified using singular-value decomposition and spatial-spectral correlation coefficient methods. The results identified a design frequency of 120 GHz, a phase quantization step of π/2 radians, and an added phase of 1.9π radians as a good dispersion-efficiency compromise. A fully connected neural network is trained to localize a corner-cube reflector in the RoI illuminated by the hologram. The localization accuracy follows the diffraction-limited resolution and confirms the best performance for the hologram considered optimal in the design metrics.en
dc.description.versionPeer revieweden
dc.format.extent12
dc.format.extent907-918
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationPalli, S V, Tamminen, A, Ala-Laurinaho, J & Taylor, Z D 2022, ' Design and Characterization of Phase Holograms for Standoff Localization at Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves ', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 907-918 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2021.3106966en
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/TMTT.2021.3106966en_US
dc.identifier.issn0018-9480
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: f11195ed-e2ff-441b-a467-19daf2c530a3en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE ITEMURL: https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/f11195ed-e2ff-441b-a467-19daf2c530a3en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE LINK: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114617722&partnerID=8YFLogxKen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE FILEURL: https://research.aalto.fi/files/78480866/Design_and_Characterization_of_Phase_Holograms_for_Standoff_Localization_at_Millimeter_and_Submillimeter_Waves.pdfen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/112588
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:aalto-202201261489
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherIEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesIEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniquesen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVolume 70, issue 1en
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.subject.keywordAperturesen_US
dc.subject.keywordArray signal processingen_US
dc.subject.keywordBeamformingen_US
dc.subject.keywordDispersionen_US
dc.subject.keywordFrequency diversityen_US
dc.subject.keywordFrequency measurementen_US
dc.subject.keywordhologramen_US
dc.subject.keywordImagingen_US
dc.subject.keywordlocalizationen_US
dc.subject.keywordLocation awarenessen_US
dc.subject.keywordmillimeter waves (mm-waves)en_US
dc.subject.keywordsubmillimeter waves.en_US
dc.titleDesign and Characterization of Phase Holograms for Standoff Localization at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavesen
dc.typeA1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessäfi
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion

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