Requirements for initial data in photogrammetric recording of rock joint surfaces

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Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Insinƶƶritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
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Author
Date
2015-12-14
Department
Major/Subject
European Mining Course
Mcode
R3008
Degree programme
Yhdyskunta- ja ympƤristƶtekniikan koulutusohjelma
Language
en
Pages
83+14
Series
Abstract
Deriving parameters to represent mechanical properties of rock mass in a scale of nuclear waste disposal project requires conducting a large scale in-situ test. Representativeness of one test for a large region of interest is questionable. Photogrammetric recording of rock joint surfaces aims to develop surface replication procedure to offer an alternative for determining mechanical properties of rock joints with laboratory scale testing of rock joint surfaces. The purpose of this research was to identify errors on photogrammetric replication of rock joint surfaces through evaluation of change in surface geometry during the replication process. The study was conducted as a part of KARMO (Mechanical Properties of Rock Joints) research program, financed by VYR (Nuclear Waste Management Fund) through KYT2018 (Finnish Research Programme on Nuclear Waste Management) research programme. Data for this thesis was compiled mainly from separate bachelor and master thesis works conducted for the research program earlier. The bachelor thesis works were conducted by Pauliina Kallio and Laura Tolvanen, and the master thesis work was conducted by Eero Korpi. The investigations for this thesis were conducted partly by a literature study that focused on quality of photogrammetric modelling and the factors affecting the accuracy of the model, and partly by developing measuring metrics for evaluation of geometrical change in the replication surface. The developed metrics was applied in a study to clarify the changes undergone by replica models in different stages of the replication process. The results show that the photogrammetric replication of rock joint surfaces is unable to reliably replicate the original rock surface. An average result for a replica sample is to lose 2 percent of surface roughness on casting mold production, and to lose 6 percent of surface roughness in casting of replica sample. The results also show that the photogrammetric modelling procedure works well in special cases (5 out of 33 samples), and is able to produce high quality results for modelling a surface digitally. Finally the thesis presents a recommendation for photogrammetric configuration to be used in photogrammetric replication of rock joint surfaces in the future.

Kallion mekaanisen kƤyttƤytymisen mallintamiseen kƤytettƤvien parametrien mƤƤrittƤminen ydinjƤtteen loppusijoituksen mittakaavassa vaatii suurten in-situ ā€“nƤytteiden koestamista. YksittƤisestƤ koestuksesta saatavien tulosten yleistƤminen kƤsittƤmƤƤn alueen kaikkia rakopintoja voidaan kyseenalaistaa. Kallion rakopintojen fotogrammetrinen tallennus pyrkii kehittƤmƤƤn rakopintojen jƤljennysmenetelmƤƤ suurten rakopintojen ominaisuuksien mƤƤrittƤmiseen pienen mittakaavan rakonƤytteistƤ. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli selvittƤƤ kalliorakojen fotogrammetrisen jƤljennysprosessin virhelƤhteitƤ. Tutkimus suoritettiin analysoimalla pintageometrian muutosta fotogrammetrisen jƤljennysprosessin aikana. Tutkimus toteutettiin osana Kallion rakopintojen mekaaniset ominaisuudet (KARMO) -tutkimusprojektia, jonka rahoittajana toimii Valtion ydinjƤtehuoltorahaston (VYR) kansallinen ydinjƤtehuollon tutkimusohjelma KYT2018. Tyƶn aineisto kerƤttiin aiemmin tutkimusprojektille tehtyjen kandidaatintƶiden (Pauliina Kallio ja Laura Tolvanen) sekƤ diplomityƶn (Eero Korpi) pohjalta. LisƤksi tyƶ koostuu projektin pilottivaiheen raporteista ja muusta tutkimusaineistosta. Aineistoa tƤydennettiin fotogrammetrisilla lisƤtutkimuksilla, jotka Pauliina Kallio suoritti. Diplomityƶn tutkimukset suoritettiin osittain kirjallisuuskatsauksena, joka keskittyi fotogrammetrisen mallinnuksen laatuun vaikuttavien tekijƶiden kartoittamiseen. LisƤksi tyƶssƤ kehitettiin metriikka pintageometrian muutoksen arvioimiseksi replikointiprosessin aikana. KehitettyƤ metriikkaa kƤytettiin jƤljennysprosessin virhelƤhteiden selvittƤmiseen. Tyƶn tulosten mukaan fotogrammetrinen replikointiprosessi ei tƤllƤ hetkellƤ kykene luotettavasti jƤljentƤmƤƤn alkuperƤisen kivinƤytteen pintageometriaa. Valumuottien tuotantoprosessissa hƤviƤƤ keskimƤƤrin 2 prosenttia, ja replikanƤytteen valuprosessissa keskimƤƤrin 6 prosenttia pinnankarkeudesta. Toisaalta tulokset nƤyttƤvƤt fotogrammetrisen mallinnusmenetelmƤn toimivan hyvin erityistapauksissa (5/33 nƤytteessƤ), ja menetelmƤ kykenee tuottamaan korkealaatuisia tuloksia pintageometrian mallinnuksesta. Lopuksi tyƶssƤ esitetƤƤn suositus fotogrammetrisen mallinnuksen toteuttamiselle kalliorakojen fotogrammetrisessa jƤljennysprosessissa.
Description
Supervisor
Rinne, Mikael
Thesis advisor
Uotinen, Lauri
Keywords
photogrammetry, recording, rock joint, discontinuity, roughness, characterization
Citation
Permanent link to this item
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201512165744
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[dipl] Insinƶƶritieteiden korkeakoulu / ENG