Reflection-enhanced gain in traveling-wave parametric amplifiers
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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en
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9
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Physical Review B, Volume 107, issue 17, pp. 1-9
Abstract
The operating principle of traveling-wave parametric amplifiers is typically understood in terms of the standard coupled mode theory, which describes the evolution of forward propagating waves without any reflections, i.e., for perfect impedance matching. However, in practice, superconducting microwave amplifiers are unmatched nonlinear finite-length devices, where the reflecting waves undergo complex parametric processes, not described by the standard coupled mode theory. Here, we present an analytical solution for the TWPA gain, which includes the interaction of reflected waves. These reflections result in corrections to the well-known results of the standard coupled mode theory, which are obtained for both three-wave and four-wave mixing processes. Due to these reflections, the gain is enhanced and unwanted nonlinear phase modulations are suppressed. Predictions of the model are experimentally demonstrated on two types of unmatched TWPA, based on coplanar waveguides with a central wire consisting of (i) a high kinetic inductance superconductor, and (ii) an array of 2000 Josephson junctions.Description
Funding Information: We thank L. Planat and N. Roch (Institut Néel, CNRS, Grenoble) and D. M. Basko (Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, Grenoble) for useful discussions. This work was supported by the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 863313 (SUPERGALAX), No. 362660 (Quantum E-Leaps), and by the SAS-MVTS, Grant QuantERA-SiUCs. The support from the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the Contracts No. APVV-16-0372, No. APVV-20-0425 are gratefully acknowledged. The Chalmers group acknowledges the support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) (Grant Agreements No. 2016-04828 and No. 2019-05480), EU H2020 European Microkelvin Platform (Grant Agreement No. 824109), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Grant No. EP/T004088/1 and from Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation via the Wallenberg center for Quantum Technology (WACQT). This work has relieved funding from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the project QSolid (Grant No. 13N16152) and the Free State of Thuringia under No. 2021 FGI 0049. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 American Physical Society.
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Kern, S, Neilinger, P, Il'Ichev, E, Sultanov, A, Schmelz, M, Linzen, S, Kunert, J, Oelsner, G, Stolz, R, Danilov, A, Mahashabde, S, Jayaraman, A, Antonov, V, Kubatkin, S & Grajcar, M 2023, 'Reflection-enhanced gain in traveling-wave parametric amplifiers', Physical Review B, vol. 107, no. 17, 174520, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.174520