Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z > 2 with JWST
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en
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10
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Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 981, issue 1, pp. 1-10
Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is opening new frontiers of transient discovery and follow-up at high redshift. Here we present the discovery of a spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernova (SN Ia; SN 2023aeax) at z = 2.15 with JWST, including a NIRCam multiband light curve. SN 2023aeax lands at the edge of traditional low-z cosmology cuts because of its blue color (peak rest-frame B − V ∼ −0.3) but with a normal decline rate (Δm15(B) ∼ 1.25), and applying a fiducial standardization with the BayeSN model we find the SN 2023aeax luminosity distance is in ∼0.1σ agreement with ΛCDM. SN 2023aeax is only the second spectroscopically confirmed SN Ia in the dark matter–dominated Universe at z > 2 (the other is SN 2023adsy), giving it rare leverage to constrain any potential evolution in SN Ia standardized luminosities. Similar to SN 2023adsy (B − V ∼ 0.8), SN 2023aeax has a fairly extreme (but opposite) color, which may be due to the small sample size or a secondary factor, such as host galaxy properties. Nevertheless, the SN 2023aeax spectrum is well represented by normal low-z SN Ia spectra, and we find no definitive evolution in SN Ia standardization with redshift. Still, the first two spectroscopically confirmed z > 2 SNe Ia have peculiar colors and combine for a ∼1σ distance slope relative to ΛCDM, though in agreement with recent SN Ia cosmological measurements.Description
Publisher Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s).
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Pierel, J D R, Coulter, D A, Siebert, M R, Akins, H B, Engesser, M, Fox, O D, Franco, M, Rest, A, Agrawal, A, Ajay, Y, Allen, N, Casey, C M, DeCoursey, C, Drakos, N E, Egami, E, Faisst, A L, Gezari, S, Gozaliasl, G, Ilbert, O, Jones, D O, Karmen, M, Kartaltepe, J S, Koekemoer, A M, Lane, Z G, Larson, R L, Li, T, Liu, D, Moriya, T J, McCracken, H J, Paquereau, L, Quimby, R M, Rich, R M, Rhodes, J, Robertson, B E, Sanders, D B, Shahbandeh, M, Shuntov, M, Silverman, J D, Strolger, L G, Toft, S & Zenati, Y 2025, 'Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z > 2 with JWST', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 981, no. 1, adb1d9, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adb1d9