In vitro safety and ecotoxicity tests of suberin- and lignin-based nanoparticles
Loading...
Access rights
openAccess
CC BY
CC BY
publishedVersion
URL
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
This publication is imported from Aalto University research portal.
View publication in the Research portal (opens in new window)
View/Open full text file from the Research portal (opens in new window)
View publication in the Research portal (opens in new window)
View/Open full text file from the Research portal (opens in new window)
Unless otherwise stated, all rights belong to the author. You may download, display and print this publication for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.
Date
Department
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
13
Series
Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 237
Abstract
Nanoparticles from biobased raw materials can be utilised to improve functional properties of textiles and fibre-based packaging materials. Safety of chemicals need to be assessed in the EU before entering to the market. This study investigates the bioactivity and potential ecotoxicity and toxicity of biobased nanoparticles from hydrolyzed suberin (SNPs), softwood kraft lignin (lignin nanoparticles, LNPs), and tall oil fatty acid esterified softwood kraft lignin (TOFA-lignin, TOFA-LNPs). Nanoparticles were assayed as concentrations sufficient for textile coating applications for cytotoxicity, skin sensitization, corrosion, and irritation in vitro. For ecotoxicity evaluation, algal inhibition, Daphnia sp. acute immobilization, D. magna reproduction, and toxicity to earthworms were tested. Antibacterial properties were examined using recombinant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains, while antioxidant activities were evaluated with in vitro assays. Results indicated that nanoparticles were safe at the studied concentrations according to the cytotoxicity and skin irritation or corrosion tests. However, LNPs at concentrations of 70.31 μg/mL and TOFA-LNPs at 125 μg/mL (w/v) showed skin sensitization, unlike SNPs. Ecotoxicity assays revealed that all aqueous nanoparticle dispersions exhibited effects on algae and daphnids but were harmless to earthworms at the concentrations tested. LNPs and TOFA-LNPs showed high antibacterial and antioxidant activities, which can likely be attributed to their high total phenolic content. With structurally more complex SNPs, both antioxidant and antibacterial activities were low. The results show that the investigated nanoparticles are potential alternatives to fossil-based and more harmful chemicals. Biobased, safe-assessed alternatives for coating of textiles could be a way to increase the environmentally sustainability.Description
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors
Other note
Citation
Räsänen, K, Kärkönen, A, Tienaho, J, Korpinen, R, Nousiainen, P, Farooq, M, Babaeipour, S, Räty, T, Yadav, P, Österberg, M & Saranpää, P 2025, 'In vitro safety and ecotoxicity tests of suberin- and lignin-based nanoparticles', Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 237, 122226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122226