Protocols and Algorithms for Adaptive Multimedia Systems

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School of Electrical Engineering | Doctoral thesis (article-based) | Defence date: 2015-06-02
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Author
Date
2015
Department
Tietoliikenne- ja tietoverkkotekniikan laitos
Department of Communications and Networking
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
134 + app. 86
Series
Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, 73/2015
Abstract
The deployment of WebRTC and telepresence systems is going to start a wide-scale adoption of high quality real-time communication. Delivering high quality video usually corresponds to an increase in required network capacity and also requires an assurance of network stability. A real-time multimedia application that uses the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) over UDP needs to implement congestion control since UDP does not implement any such mechanism. This thesis is about enabling congestion control for real-time communication, and deploying it on the public Internet containing a mixture of wired and wireless links. A congestion control algorithm relies on congestion cues, such as RTT and loss. Hence, in this thesis, we first propose a framework for classifying congestion cues. We classify the congestion cues as a combination of: where they are measured or observed? And, how is the sending endpoint notified? For each there are two options, i.e., the cues are either observed and reported by an in-path or by an off-path source, and, the cue is either reported in-band or out-of-band, which results in four combinations. Hence, the framework provides options to look at congestion cues beyond those reported by the receiver. We propose a sender-driven, a receiver-driven and a hybrid congestion control algorithm. The hybrid algorithm relies on both the sender and receiver co-operating to perform congestion control. Lastly, we compare the performance of these different algorithms. We also explore the idea of using capacity notifications from middleboxes (e.g., 3G/LTE base stations) along the path as cues for a congestion control algorithm. Further, we look at the interaction between error-resilience mechanisms and show that FEC can be used in a congestion control algorithm for probing for additional capacity. We propose Multipath RTP (MPRTP), an extension to RTP, which uses multiple paths for either aggregating capacity or for increasing error-resilience. We show that our proposed scheduling algorithm works in diverse scenarios (e.g., 3G and WLAN, 3G and 3G, etc.) with paths with varying latencies. Lastly, we propose a network coverage map service (NCMS), which aggregates throughput measurements from mobile users consuming multimedia services. The NCMS sends notifications to its subscribers about the upcoming network conditions, which take these notifications into account when performing congestion control. In order to test and refine the ideas presented in this thesis, we have implemented most of them in proof-of-concept prototypes, and conducted experiments and simulations to validate our assumptions and gain new insights. 
Description
Supervising professor
Ott, Jörg, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Communications and Networking, Finland
Keywords
multimedia, congestion control, Multipath RTP, network coverage maps
Other note
Parts
  • [Publication 1]: V. Singh, S. McQuistin, M. Ellis, C. Perkins, “Circuit Breakers for Multimedia Congestion Control,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Packet Video Workshop, San Jose, USA, Dec, 2013, Pages 1–8.
  • [Publication 2]: V.Singh, J. Ott, I.D.D. Curcio, “Rate adaptation for 3G Conversational Video,” in Proceedings of IEEE Infocom Workshops, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Apr, 2009, Pages 1–7.
  • [Publication 3]: V. Singh, J. Ott, I.D.D. Curcio, “Rate Adaption for Conversational Video in Heterogeneous Environments,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia (WoWMoM), San Francisco, USA, Jun, 2012, Pages 1–7.
  • [Publication 4]: V. Singh, A. A. Lozano, J. Ott, “Performance Analysis of Receive-Side Real-Time Congestion Control for WebRTC,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Packet Video Workshop, San Jose, USA, Dec, 2013, Pages 1–8.
  • [Publication 5]: J. Devadoss, V. Singh, C. Liu, J. Ott, Y-K. Wang, I.D.D. Curcio, “Evaluation of Error Resilience Mechanisms for 3G Conversational Video,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM), Berkeley, USA, Dec, 2008, Pages 378–383.
  • [Publication 6]: M. Nagy, V. Singh, J. Ott, L. Eggert, “Rate-control using FEC for Interactive Multimedia Communication,” Proceedings of ACM Multimedia Systems (MMSys), Singapore, Singapore, March, 2014, Pages 191–202.
  • [Publication 7]: V. Singh, S. Ahsan, J. Ott, “MPRTP: Multipath Considerations for Real-time Media,” in Proceedings of ACM Multimedia Systems (MMSys), Oslo, Norway, Feb, 2013, Pages 190–201.
  • [Publication 8]: V. Singh, J. Ott, I.D.D. Curcio, “Predictive Buffering for Streaming Video in 3G Networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia (WoWMoM), San Francisco, USA, Jun, 2012, Pages 1–10.
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Permanent link to this item
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-6221-1
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[diss] Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu / ELEC