Long COVID-associated symptoms prevalent in both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative individuals : A prospective follow-up study

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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

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en

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8

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New Microbes and New Infections, Volume 56, pp. 1-8

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Background: Research into persistent symptoms among SARS-CoV-2-positive i.e. CoV(+) patients mostly focuses on hospitalized individuals. Our prospective follow-up study compares long COVID-associated symptoms among laboratory-confirmed CoV(+) and SARS-CoV-2 negative [CoV(−)] individuals. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-tested volunteers were recruited into four cohorts: 1) CoV(+) outpatients, 2) CoV(−) outpatients, 3) CoV(+) intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients, and 4) CoV(+) non-ICU inpatients. Neutralizing antibodies were assessed and questionnaires filled in at enrolment and days 90–120, 121–180, 181–270, 271–365, and 365–533. Results: Of the 1326 participants, 1191 were CoV(+): 46 ICU, 123 non-ICU, and 1022 outpatients; 135 were CoV(−) outpatient controls. Both CoV(+) outpatients and CoV(−) controls showed high overall symptom rates at all time points. More prevalent among CoV(+) than CoV(−) outpatients were only impaired olfaction and taste; many others proved more frequent for CoV(−) participants. At ≥181 days, fatigue, dyspnoea, various neuropsychological symptoms and several others were recorded more often for CoV(+) inpatients than outpatients. Conclusions: Long COVID-associated symptoms were more frequent among hospitalized than non-hospitalized CoV(+) participants. As for outpatients, only impaired olfaction and taste showed higher rates in the CoV(+) group; some symptoms proved even more common among those CoV(−). Besides suggesting low long COVID prevalences for outpatients, our results highlight the weight of negative controls.

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Funding Information: This study was supported by the Finnish Cultural Foundation , the Finnish Government Subsidy for Health Science Research ( TYH2021315 , TYH 2021343 ), the Finnish Medical Association , and the Academy of Finland (grant numbers 1336490 , 336439 and 335527 ), HUS Inflammation Center Research Funds, Juho Vainio and Jane & Aatos Erkko Foundations. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, or writing of the report. Publisher Copyright: © 2023

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Kantele, A, Paajanen, J, Pietilä, J P, Vapalahti, O, Pakkanen, S H & Lääveri, T 2024, 'Long COVID-associated symptoms prevalent in both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative individuals : A prospective follow-up study', New Microbes and New Infections, vol. 56, 101209, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101209