An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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en
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19
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Digital Discovery, Volume 2, issue 2, pp. 422-440
Abstract
This study is motivated by the desire to produce a low-cost, high-precision, high-throughput environmental chamber to test materials and devices under elevated humidity, temperature, and light. This paper documents the creation of an open-source tool with a bill of materials as low as US$2,000, and the subsequent evolution of three second-generation tools installed at three different universities spanning thin films, bulk crystals, and thin-film solar-cell devices. We introduce an optical proxy measurement to detect real-time phase changes in materials. We present correlations between this optical proxy and standard X-ray diffraction measurements, describe some edge cases where the proxy measurement fails, and report key learnings from the technology-translation process. By sharing lessons learned, we hope that future open-hardware development and translation efforts can proceed with reduced friction. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of scientific impact, wherein participating laboratories used their environmental chambers to study and improve the stabilities of halide-perovskite materials. All generations of hardware bills of materials, assembly instructions, and operating codes are available in open-source repositories.Description
Funding Information: The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, ndings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Articial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Funding Information: The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
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Keesey, R, Tiihonen, A, Siemenn, A E, Colburn, T W, Sun, S, Hartono, N T P, Serdy, J, Zeile, M, He, K, Gurtner, C A, Flick, A C, Batali, C, Encinas, A, Naik, R R, Liu, Z, Oviedo, F, Peters, I M, Thapa, J, Tian, S I P, Dauskardt, R H, Norquist, A J & Buonassisi, T 2023, 'An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy', Digital Discovery, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 422-440. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dd00089j