Recovering value from end-of-life batteries by integrating froth flotation and pyrometallurgical copper-slag cleaning
Loading...
Access rights
openAccess
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
This publication is imported from Aalto University research portal.
View publication in the Research portal
View/Open full text file from the Research portal
Other link related to publication
View publication in the Research portal
View/Open full text file from the Research portal
Other link related to publication
Date
2022-01
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
Series
Metals, Volume 12, issue 1
Abstract
In this study, industrial lithium-ion battery (LIB) waste was treated by a froth flotation process, which allowed selective separation of electrode particles from metallic-rich fractions containing Cu and Al. In the flotation experiments, recovery rates of ~80 and 98.8% for the cathode active elements (Co, Ni, Mn) and graphite were achieved, respectively. The recovered metals from the flotation fraction were subsequently used in high-temperature Cu-slag reduction. In this manner, the possibility of using metallothermic reduction for Cu-slag reduction using Al-wires from LIB waste as the main reductant was studied. The behavior of valuable (Cu, Ni, Co, Li) and hazardous metals (Zn, As, Sb, Pb), as a function of time as well as the influence of Cu-slag-to-spent battery (SB) ratio, were investigated. The results showcase a suitable process to recover copper from spent batteries and industrial Cu-slag. Cu-concentration decreased to approximately 0.3 wt.% after 60 min reduction time in all samples where Cu/Al-rich LIB waste fraction was added. It was also showed that aluminothermic reduction is effective for removing hazardous metals from the slag. The proposed process is also capable of recovering Cu, Co, and Ni from both Cu-slag and LIB waste, resulting in a secondary Cu slag that can be used in various applications.Description
Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by Business Finland BATCircle2.0 project, grant number 44886/31/ 2020, and SYMMET project, grant number 3891/31/2018. 26 of 30 Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Keywords
Aluminother-mic reduction, LIBs, Lithium-ion batteries, Mechanical treatment, Recycling, Sustainability
Other note
Citation
Rinne, T, Klemettinen, A, Klemettinen, L, Ruismäki, R, O’Brien, H, Jokilaakso, A & Serna-Guerrero, R 2022, ' Recovering value from end-of-life batteries by integrating froth flotation and pyrometallurgical copper-slag cleaning ', Metals, vol. 12, no. 1, 15 . https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010015