Shift in activated sludge microbiomes associated with nitrite accumulation and high nitrous oxide emissions

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Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2025-07-15

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Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

12

Series

Environmental Research, Volume 277

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions can constitute over half of the carbon footprint of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and emission peaks frequently correlate with nitrite (NO2−) concentrations. However, connections between the microbiome and high N2O and NO2− levels are not well-documented. Here, we characterize the microbiomes in several parallel lines of a WWTP during massive N2O emissions (20 % of influent nitrogen load) with prolonged NO2− accumulation in most lines, aiming to identify key differences between communities in lines with high and low NO2− concentrations. The abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was extremely low in the lines with NO2− accumulation, which also had slightly lower abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Some incomplete denitrifiers were more abundant in the lines with NO2− accumulation. Lines without NO2− had a higher relative abundance of filamentous bacteria and better floc formation. These findings confirmed our hypothesis that loss of NOB caused NO2− accumulation, inducing increased N2O emissions. AOB are suspected to be the main source of N2O during the studied period, with a likely contribution from heterotrophic denitrifiers. A few species were identified as interesting candidates for further study regarding their potential role in increased N2O emission from WWTPs. Long-term microbiome monitoring is necessary to understand the changes in the microbiome that might initiate NO2− accumulation and high N2O emissions.

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Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors

Keywords

Amplicon sequencing, Denitrification, Microbial community, Nitrification, Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, Wastewater treatment plant

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Citation

Kinnunen, O, Kruglova, A, Jensen, M M, Kuokkanen, A, Smets, B F & Mikola, A 2025, ' Shift in activated sludge microbiomes associated with nitrite accumulation and high nitrous oxide emissions ', Environmental Research, vol. 277, 121591 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.121591