Accuracy and precision of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Date
2022-12-01
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en
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17
1-17
1-17
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JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING, Volume 19, issue 6
Abstract
Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induces an electric field (E-field) in the cortex. To facilitate stimulation targeting, image-guided neuronavigation systems have been introduced. Such systems track the placement of the coil with respect to the head and visualize the estimated cortical stimulation location on an anatomical brain image in real time. The accuracy and precision of the neuronavigation is affected by multiple factors. Our aim was to analyze how different factors in TMS neuronavigation affect the accuracy and precision of the coil-head coregistration and the estimated E-field. Approach. By performing simulations, we estimated navigation errors due to distortions in magnetic resonance images (MRIs), head-to-MRI registration (landmark- and surface-based registrations), localization and movement of the head tracker, and localization of the coil tracker. We analyzed the effect of these errors on coil and head coregistration and on the induced E-field as determined with simplistic and realistic head models. Main results. Average total coregistration accuracies were in the range of 2.2-3.6 mm and 1°; precision values were about half of the accuracy values. The coregistration errors were mainly due to head-to-MRI registration with average accuracies 1.5-1.9 mm/0.2-0.4° and precisions 0.5-0.8 mm/0.1-0.2° better with surface-based registration. The other major source of error was the movement of the head tracker with average accuracy of 1.5 mm and precision of 1.1 mm. When assessed within an E-field method, the average accuracies of the peak E-field location, orientation, and magnitude ranged between 1.5 and 5.0 mm, 0.9 and 4.8°, and 4.4 and 8.5% across the E-field models studied. The largest errors were obtained with the landmark-based registration. When computing another accuracy measure with the most realistic E-field model as a reference, the accuracies tended to improve from about 10 mm/15°/25% to about 2 mm/2°/5% when increasing realism of the E-field model. Significance. The results of this comprehensive analysis help TMS operators to recognize the main sources of error in TMS navigation and that the coregistration errors and their effect in the E-field estimation depend on the methods applied. To ensure reliable TMS navigation, we recommend surface-based head-to-MRI registration and realistic models for E-field computations.Description
Funding Information: We acknowledge funding from the Finnish Cultural Foundation, Academy of Finland (Decisions Nos. 294625, 306845, and 327326), Instrumentarium Science Foundation, and European Research Council (ERC Synergy) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ConnectToBrain; Grant Agreement No. 810377). M.N. and P.N. were supported by the Basic Research Program of HSE University, P.N. was supported by Aalto AScI Visiting Researcher Programme, and M.N was supported by the NIH Brain Initiative Biology and Biophysics of Neural Stimulation and Recording Technologies (1R01NS112183-01A1). In addition, we would like to thank Science-IT at Aalto University School of Science for computational resources. | openaire: EC/H2020/810377/EU//ConnectToBrain
Keywords
accuracy, coregistration, neuronavigation, precision, TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Citation
Nieminen, A E, Nieminen, J O, Stenroos, M, Novikov, P, Nazarova, M, Vaalto, S, Nikulin, V & Ilmoniemi, R J 2022, ' Accuracy and precision of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation ', Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 19, no. 6, 066037, pp. 1-17 . https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/aca71a