A Numerical Study on Premixed Turbulent Planar Ammonia/Air and Ammonia/Hydrogen/Air Flames : An Analysis on Flame Displacement Speed and Burning Velocity
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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en
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25
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Flow Turbulence and Combustion, Volume 111, issue 2, pp. 717-741
Abstract
The economic storage and transportation of ammonia (NH 3), and its capability to be thermally decomposed to hydrogen (H 2) make it a potential carbon-free synthetic fuel for the future. To comprehend the fundamental characteristics of NH 3 as a primary fuel enriched with H 2 under low turbulent premixed flame conditions, three quasi direct numerical simulations (quasi-DNS) with detailed chemistry and the mixture-averaged transport model are conducted under decaying turbulence herein. The Karlovitz number is fixed to 4.28 for all the test conditions. The blending ratio (α), specifying the hydrogen concentration in the ammonia/hydrogen mixture, varies from 0.0 to 0.6. The results reveal that the mean value of the density-weighted flame displacement speed (Sd∗) is similar to (higher than) the unstrained premixed laminar burning velocity (SL0) for NH 3/ air flame (NH 3/ H 2/ air flames). Furthermore, the performance of two extrapolation relations for estimating Sd∗ as linear and non-linear functions of flame front curvature is discussed thoroughly. The performances of both models are almost similar when evaluating the data near the leading edge of the flame. However, the non-linear one offers more accurate results near the trailing edge of the flame. The results show that the mean flame stretch factor increases with increasing the blending ratio, suggesting that the mean flamelet consumption velocity deviates from SL0 by enriching the mixture with H 2 . The mean value of the local equivalence ratio (ϕ) for the turbulent NH 3/ air flame is almost equal to its laminar counterpart, while it deviates significantly for NH 3/ H 2/ air flames. In addition, the local equivalence ratio for the flame front with positive curvature values is higher than the negatively curved regions for NH 3/ H 2/ air flames due to H 2 preferential diffusion. Furthermore, the results indicate that hydrogen is consumed faster in positively curved regions compared to the negatively curved zones due to enhanced reaction rates of specific chemical reactions.Description
Funding Information: Open Access funding provided by Aalto University. The present study has been financially supported by the Academy of Finland [grant numbers 318024, 332835, and 332784]. Funding Information: The present study has been financially supported by the Academy of Finland [grant numbers 318024, 332835, and 332784]. The authors would like to thank CSC (Finnish IT Center for Science) for providing the computational resources. Funding Information: The present study has been financially supported by the Academy of Finland [grant numbers 318024, 332835, and 332784]. The authors would like to thank CSC (Finnish IT Center for Science) for providing the computational resources. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).
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Tamadonfar, P, Karimkashi, S, Kaario, O & Vuorinen, V 2023, 'A Numerical Study on Premixed Turbulent Planar Ammonia/Air and Ammonia/Hydrogen/Air Flames : An Analysis on Flame Displacement Speed and Burning Velocity', Flow Turbulence and Combustion, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 717-741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-023-00445-y