Planck 2018 results

Akrami, Y.; Arroja, F.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Basak, S.; Benabed, K.; Bernard, J. P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. F.; Casaponsa, B.; Challinor, A.; Chiang, H. C.; Colombo, L. P.L.; Combet, C.; Crill, B. P.; Cuttaia, F.; De Bernardis, P.; De Rosa, A.; De Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Delouis, J. M.; Di Valentino, E.; Diego, J. M.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Ducout, A.; Dupac, X.; Dusini, S.; Efstathiou, G.; Elsner, F.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Fantaye, Y.; Fergusson, J.; Fernandez-Cobos, R.; Finelli, F.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Frolov, A.; Galeotta, S.; Galli, S.; Ganga, K.; Génova-Santos, R. T.; Gerbino, M.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gruppuso, A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Hamann, J.; Handley, W.; Hansen, F. K.; Herranz, D.; Hivon, E.; Huang, Z.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jones, W. C.; Jung, G.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kiiveri, K.; Kim, Jaiseung; Krachmalnicoff, N.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lamarre, J. M.; Lasenby, A.; Lattanzi, M.; Lawrence, C. R.; Le Jeune, M.; Levrier, F.; Lewis, A.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Lindholm, V.; López-Caniego, M.; Ma, Y. Z.; Maciás-Pérez, J. F.; Maggio, G.; Maino, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Marcos-Caballero, A.; Maris, M.; Martin, P. G.; Martínez-González, E.; Matarrese, S.; Mauri, N.; McEwen, J. D.; Meerburg, P. D.; Meinhold, P. R.; Melchiorri, A.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Miville-Deschênes, M. A.; Molinari, D.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Moss, A.; Münchmeyer, M.; Natoli, P.; Oppizzi, F.; Pagano, L.; Paoletti, D.; Partridge, B.; Patanchon, G.; Perrotta, F.; Pettorino, V.; Piacentini, F.; Polenta, G.; Puget, J. L.; Rachen, J. P.; Racine, B.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renzi, A.; Rocha, G.; Rubiño-Martín, J. A.; Ruiz-Granados, B.; Salvati, L.; Savelainen, M.; Scott, D.; Shellard, E. P.S.; Shiraishi, M.; Sirignano, C.; Sirri, G.; Smith, K.; Spencer, L. D.; Stanco, L.; Sunyaev, R.; Suur-Uski, A. S.; Tauber, J. A.; Tavagnacco, D.; Tenti, M.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Trombetti, T.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, B.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Vittorio, N.; Wandelt, B. D.; Wehus, I. K.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.

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Planck 2018 results

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Title:	Planck 2018 results
Author(s):	Akrami, Y. ; Arroja, F. ; Ashdown, M. ; Aumont, J. ; Baccigalupi, C. ; Ballardini, M. ; Banday, A. J. ; Barreiro, R. B. ; Bartolo, N. ; Basak, S. ; Benabed, K. ; Bernard, J. P. ; Bersanelli, M. ; Bielewicz, P. ; Bond, J. R. ; Borrill, J. ; Bouchet, F. R. ; Bucher, M. ; Burigana, C. ; Butler, R. C. ; Calabrese, E. ; Cardoso, J. F. ; Casaponsa, B. ; Challinor, A. ; Chiang, H. C. ; Colombo, L. P.L. ; Combet, C. ; Crill, B. P. ; Cuttaia, F. ; De Bernardis, P. ; De Rosa, A. ; De Zotti, G. ; Delabrouille, J. ; Delouis, J. M. ; Di Valentino, E. ; Diego, J. M. ; Doré, O. ; Douspis, M. ; Ducout, A. ; Dupac, X. ; Dusini, S. ; Efstathiou, G. ; Elsner, F. ; Enßlin, T. A. ; Eriksen, H. K. ; Fantaye, Y. ; Fergusson, J. ; Fernandez-Cobos, R. ; Finelli, F. ; Frailis, M. ; Fraisse, A. A. ; Franceschi, E. ; Frolov, A. ; Galeotta, S. ; Galli, S. ; Ganga, K. ; Génova-Santos, R. T. ; Gerbino, M. ; González-Nuevo, J. ; Górski, K. M. ; Gratton, S. ; Gruppuso, A. ; Gudmundsson, J. E. ; Hamann, J. ; Handley, W. ; Hansen, F. K. ; Herranz, D. ; Hivon, E. ; Huang, Z. ; Jaffe, A. H. ; Jones, W. C. ; Jung, G. ; Keihänen, E. ; Keskitalo, R. ; Kiiveri, K. ; Kim, Jaiseung ; Krachmalnicoff, N. ; Kunz, M. ; Kurki-Suonio, H. ; Lamarre, J. M. ; Lasenby, A. ; Lattanzi, M. ; Lawrence, C. R. ; Le Jeune, M. ; Levrier, F. ; Lewis, A. ; Liguori, M. ; Lilje, P. B. ; Lindholm, V. ; López-Caniego, M. ; Ma, Y. Z. ; Maciás-Pérez, J. F. ; Maggio, G. ; Maino, D. ; Mandolesi, N. ; Marcos-Caballero, A. ; Maris, M. ; Martin, P. G. ; Martínez-González, E. ; Matarrese, S. ; Mauri, N. ; McEwen, J. D. ; Meerburg, P. D. ; Meinhold, P. R. ; Melchiorri, A. ; Mennella, A. ; Migliaccio, M. ; Miville-Deschênes, M. A. ; Molinari, D. ; Moneti, A. ; Montier, L. ; Morgante, G. ; Moss, A. ; Münchmeyer, M. ; Natoli, P. ; Oppizzi, F. ; Pagano, L. ; Paoletti, D. ; Partridge, B. ; Patanchon, G. ; Perrotta, F. ; Pettorino, V. ; Piacentini, F. ; Polenta, G. ; Puget, J. L. ; Rachen, J. P. ; Racine, B. ; Reinecke, M. ; Remazeilles, M. ; Renzi, A. ; Rocha, G. ; Rubiño-Martín, J. A. ; Ruiz-Granados, B. ; Salvati, L. ; Savelainen, M. ; Scott, D. ; Shellard, E. P.S. ; Shiraishi, M. ; Sirignano, C. ; Sirri, G. ; Smith, K. ; Spencer, L. D. ; Stanco, L. ; Sunyaev, R. ; Suur-Uski, A. S. ; Tauber, J. A. ; Tavagnacco, D. ; Tenti, M. ; Toffolatti, L. ; Tomasi, M. ; Trombetti, T. ; Valiviita, J. ; Van Tent, B. ; Vielva, P. ; Villa, F. ; Vittorio, N. ; Wandelt, B. D. ; Wehus, I. K. ; Zacchei, A. ; Zonca, A.
Date:	2020-09-01
Language:	en
Department:	École normale supérieure University of Lisbon University of Cambridge Université Paul Sabatier International School for Advanced Studies University of the Western Cape IRAP Universidad de Cantabria University of Padova Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris University of Milano National Centre for Nuclear Research University of Toronto Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Université Pierre and Marie Curie University of Ferrara National Research Council of Italy Cardiff University University of KwaZulu-Natal Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules California Institute of Technology Sapienza University of Rome INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Université de Bretagne Occidentale University of Manchester Université Paris-Sud The University of Tokyo European Space Astronomy Centre National Institute for Nuclear Physics Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik University of Oslo African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste Princeton University Simon Fraser University University of La Laguna United States Department of Energy University of Oviedo Jet Propulsion Laboratory University of New South Wales Sun Yat-Sen University Imperial College London University of Helsinki UMR7095 University of Sussex University College London University of California Santa Barbara University of Rome Tor Vergata Université Paris-Saclay University of Nottingham Haverford College Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Radboud University Nijmegen Department of Applied Physics University of British Columbia Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics European Space Research and Technology Centre Università Degli Studi di Trieste Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna University of California San Diego
Series:	Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 641
ISSN:	0004-6361 1432-0746
DOI-number:	10.1051/0004-6361/201935891
Keywords:	Cosmic background radiation, Cosmology: observations, Cosmology: theory, Early Universe, Inflation, Methods: data analysis
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Citation: Akrami , Y , Arroja , F , Ashdown , M , Aumont , J , Baccigalupi , C , Ballardini , M , Banday , A J , Barreiro , R B , Bartolo , N , Basak , S , Benabed , K , Bernard , J P , Bersanelli , M , Bielewicz , P , Bond , J R , Borrill , J , Bouchet , F R , Bucher , M , Burigana , C , Butler , R C , Calabrese , E , Cardoso , J F , Casaponsa , B , Challinor , A , Chiang , H C , Colombo , L P L , Combet , C , Crill , B P , Cuttaia , F , De Bernardis , P , De Rosa , A , De Zotti , G , Delabrouille , J , Delouis , J M , Di Valentino , E , Diego , J M , Doré , O , Douspis , M , Ducout , A , Dupac , X , Dusini , S , Efstathiou , G , Elsner , F , Enßlin , T A , Eriksen , H K , Fantaye , Y , Fergusson , J , Fernandez-Cobos , R , Finelli , F , Frailis , M , Fraisse , A A , Franceschi , E , Frolov , A , Galeotta , S , Galli , S , Ganga , K , Génova-Santos , R T , Gerbino , M , González-Nuevo , J , Górski , K M , Gratton , S , Gruppuso , A , Gudmundsson , J E , Hamann , J , Handley , W , Hansen , F K , Herranz , D , Hivon , E, Huang , Z , Jaffe , A H , Jones , W C , Jung , G , Keihänen , E , Keskitalo , R , Kiiveri , K , Kim , J , Krachmalnicoff , N , Kunz , M , Kurki-Suonio , H , Lamarre , J M , Lasenby , A , Lattanzi , M , Lawrence , C R , Le Jeune , M , Levrier , F , Lewis , A , Liguori , M , Lilje , P B , Lindholm , V , López-Caniego , M , Ma , Y Z , Maciás-Pérez , J F , Maggio , G , Maino , D , Mandolesi , N , Marcos-Caballero , A , Maris , M , Martin , P G , Martínez-González , E , Matarrese , S , Mauri , N , McEwen , J D , Meerburg , P D , Meinhold , P R , Melchiorri , A , Mennella , A , Migliaccio , M , Miville-Deschênes , M A , Molinari , D , Moneti , A , Montier , L , Morgante , G , Moss , A , Münchmeyer , M , Natoli , P , Oppizzi , F , Pagano , L , Paoletti , D , Partridge , B , Patanchon , G , Perrotta , F , Pettorino , V , Piacentini , F , Polenta , G , Puget , J L , Rachen , J P , Racine , B , Reinecke , M , Remazeilles , M , Renzi , A , Rocha , G , Rubiño-Martín , J A , Ruiz-Granados , B , Salvati , L , Savelainen, M , Scott , D , Shellard , E P S , Shiraishi , M , Sirignano , C , Sirri , G , Smith , K , Spencer , L D , Stanco , L , Sunyaev , R , Suur-Uski , A S , Tauber , J A , Tavagnacco , D , Tenti , M , Toffolatti , L , Tomasi , M , Trombetti , T , Valiviita , J , Van Tent , B , Vielva , P , Villa , F , Vittorio , N , Wandelt , B D , Wehus , I K , Zacchei , A & Zonca , A 2020 , ' Planck 2018 results : IX. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity ' , Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol. 641 , 9 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935891
Abstract: We analyse the Planck full-mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and E-mode polarization maps to obtain constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). We compare estimates obtained from separable template-fitting, binned, and optimal modal bispectrum estimators, finding consistent values for the local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum amplitudes. Our combined temperature and polarization analysis produces the following final results: flocalNL= -0.9 ± 5.1; fequilNL= -26 ± 47; and forthoNL= -38 ± 24 (68% CL, statistical). These results include low-multipole (4 ≤ ℓ < 40) polarization data that are not included in our previous analysis. The results also pass an extensive battery of tests (with additional tests regarding foreground residuals compared to 2015), and they are stable with respect to our 2015 measurements (with small fluctuations, at the level of a fraction of a standard deviation, which is consistent with changes in data processing). Polarizationonly bispectra display a significant improvement in robustness; they can now be used independently to set primordial NG constraints with a sensitivity comparable to WMAP temperature-based results and they give excellent agreement. In addition to the analysis of the standard local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum shapes, we consider a large number of additional cases, such as scale-dependent feature and resonance bispectra, isocurvature primordial NG, and parity-breaking models, where we also place tight constraints but do not detect any signal. The nonprimordial lensing bispectrum is, however, detected with an improved significance compared to 2015, excluding the null hypothesis at 3.5σ. Beyond estimates of individual shape amplitudes, we also present model-independent reconstructions and analyses of the Planck CMB bispectrum. Our final constraint on the local primordial trispectrum shape is glocalNL= (-5.8 ± 6.5) × 104(68% CL, statistical), while constraints for other trispectrum shapes are also determined. Exploiting the tight limits on various bispectrum and trispectrum shapes, we constrain the parameter space of different early-Universe scenarios that generate primordial NG, including general single-field models of inflation, multi-field models (e.g. curvaton models), models of inflation with axion fields producing parity-violation bispectra in the tensor sector, and inflationary models involving vector-like fields with directionally-dependent bispectra. Our results provide a high-precision test for structure-formation scenarios, showing complete agreement with the basic picture of the CDM cosmology regarding the statistics of the initial conditions, with cosmic structures arising from adiabatic, passive, Gaussian, and primordial seed perturbations.

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