Planck 2015 results

Ade, P. A R; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y.; Aluri, P. K.; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Basak, S.; Battaner, E.; Benabed, K.; Benoît, A.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernard, J. P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bonaldi, A.; Bonavera, L.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. F.; Casaponsa, B.; Catalano, A.; Challinor, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chiang, H. C.; Christensen, P. R.; Church, S.; Clements, D. L.; Colombi, S.; Colombo, L. P L; Combet, C.; Contreras, D.; Couchot, F.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Cruz, M.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davies, R. D.; Davis, R. J.; De Bernardis, P.; De Rosa, A.; De Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Désert, F. X.; Diego, J. M.; Dole, H.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Ducout, A.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Elsner, F.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Fantaye, Y.; Fergusson, J.; Fernandez-Cobos, R.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Frejsel, A.; Frolov, A.; Galeotta, S.; Galli, S.; Ganga, K.; Gauthier, C.; Ghosh, Tushar; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; Gjerløw, E.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Hansen, F. K.; Hanson, D.; Harrison, D. L.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Hovest, W.; Huang, Z.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Hurier, G.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kim, J.; Kisner, T. S.; Knoche, J.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Lamarre, J. M.; Lasenby, A.; Lattanzi, M.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leonardi, R.; Lesgourgues, J.; Levrier, F.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; Liu, H.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; Maciás-Pérez, J. F.; Maggio, G.; Maino, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Mangilli, A.; Marinucci, D.; Maris, M.; Martin, P. G.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Matarrese, S.; Mcgehee, P.; Meinhold, P. R.; Melchiorri, A.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Mikkelsen, K.; Mitra, S.; Miville-Deschênes, M. A.; Molinari, D.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Moss, A.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Paci, F.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Pant, N.; Paoletti, D.; Pasian, F.; Patanchon, G.; Pearson, T. J.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Pettorino, V.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pierpaoli, E.; Pietrobon, D.; Plaszczynski, S.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Popa, L.; Pratt, G. W.; Prézeau, G.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J. L.; Rachen, J. P.; Rebolo, R.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Renzi, A.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Rossetti, M.; Rotti, A.; Roudier, G.; Rubinõ-Martín, J. A.; Rusholme, B.; Sandri, M.; Santos, D.; Savelainen, M.; Savini, G.; Scott, D.; Seiffert, M. D.; Shellard, E. P S; Souradeep, T.; Spencer, L. D.; Stolyarov, V.; Stompor, R.; Sudiwala, R.; Sunyaev, R.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A. S.; Sygnet, J. F.; Tauber, J. A.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tristram, M.; Trombetti, T.; Tucci, M.; Tuovinen, J.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, B.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Wade, L. A.; Wandelt, B. D.; Wehus, I. K.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zibin, J. P.; Zonca, A.

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Planck 2015 results

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Title:	Planck 2015 results
Author(s):	Ade, P. A R ; Aghanim, N. ; Akrami, Y. ; Aluri, P. K. ; Arnaud, M. ; Ashdown, M. ; Aumont, J. ; Baccigalupi, C. ; Banday, A. J. ; Barreiro, R. B. ; Bartolo, N. ; Basak, S. ; Battaner, E. ; Benabed, K. ; Benoît, A. ; Benoit-Lévy, A. ; Bernard, J. P. ; Bersanelli, M. ; Bielewicz, P. ; Bock, J. J. ; Bonaldi, A. ; Bonavera, L. ; Bond, J. R. ; Borrill, J. ; Bouchet, F. R. ; Boulanger, F. ; Bucher, M. ; Burigana, C. ; Butler, R. C. ; Calabrese, E. ; Cardoso, J. F. ; Casaponsa, B. ; Catalano, A. ; Challinor, A. ; Chamballu, A. ; Chiang, H. C. ; Christensen, P. R. ; Church, S. ; Clements, D. L. ; Colombi, S. ; Colombo, L. P L ; Combet, C. ; Contreras, D. ; Couchot, F. ; Coulais, A. ; Crill, B. P. ; Cruz, M. ; Curto, A. ; Cuttaia, F. ; Danese, L. ; Davies, R. D. ; Davis, R. J. ; De Bernardis, P. ; De Rosa, A. ; De Zotti, G. ; Delabrouille, J. ; Désert, F. X. ; Diego, J. M. ; Dole, H. ; Donzelli, S. ; Doré, O. ; Douspis, M. ; Ducout, A. ; Dupac, X. ; Efstathiou, G. ; Elsner, F. ; Enßlin, T. A. ; Eriksen, H. K. ; Fantaye, Y. ; Fergusson, J. ; Fernandez-Cobos, R. ; Finelli, F. ; Forni, O. ; Frailis, M. ; Fraisse, A. A. ; Franceschi, E. ; Frejsel, A. ; Frolov, A. ; Galeotta, S. ; Galli, S. ; Ganga, K. ; Gauthier, C. ; Ghosh, Tushar ; Giard, M. ; Giraud-Héraud, Y. ; Gjerløw, E. ; González-Nuevo, J. ; Górski, K. M. ; Gratton, S. ; Gregorio, A. ; Gruppuso, A. ; Gudmundsson, J. E. ; Hansen, F. K. ; Hanson, D. ; Harrison, D. L. ; Henrot-Versillé, S. ; Hernández-Monteagudo, C. ; Herranz, D. ; Hildebrandt, S. R. ; Hivon, E. ; Hobson, M. ; Holmes, W. A. ; Hornstrup, A. ; Hovest, W. ; Huang, Z. ; Huffenberger, K. M. ; Hurier, G. ; Jaffe, A. H. ; Jaffe, T. R. ; Jones, W. C. ; Juvela, M. ; Keihänen, E. ; Keskitalo, R. ; Kim, J. ; Kisner, T. S. ; Knoche, J. ; Kunz, M. ; Kurki-Suonio, H. ; Lagache, G. ; Lähteenmäki, A. ; Lamarre, J. M. ; Lasenby, A. ; Lattanzi, M. ; Lawrence, C. R. ; Leonardi, R. ; Lesgourgues, J. ; Levrier, F. ; Liguori, M. ; Lilje, P. B. ; Linden-Vørnle, M. ; Liu, H. ; López-Caniego, M. ; Lubin, P. M. ; Maciás-Pérez, J. F. ; Maggio, G. ; Maino, D. ; Mandolesi, N. ; Mangilli, A. ; Marinucci, D. ; Maris, M. ; Martin, P. G. ; Martínez-González, E. ; Masi, S. ; Matarrese, S. ; Mcgehee, P. ; Meinhold, P. R. ; Melchiorri, A. ; Mendes, L. ; Mennella, A. ; Migliaccio, M. ; Mikkelsen, K. ; Mitra, S. ; Miville-Deschênes, M. A. ; Molinari, D. ; Moneti, A. ; Montier, L. ; Morgante, G. ; Mortlock, D. ; Moss, A. ; Munshi, D. ; Murphy, J. A. ; Naselsky, P. ; Nati, F. ; Natoli, P. ; Netterfield, C. B. ; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U. ; Noviello, F. ; Novikov, D. ; Novikov, I. ; Oxborrow, C. A. ; Paci, F. ; Pagano, L. ; Pajot, F. ; Pant, N. ; Paoletti, D. ; Pasian, F. ; Patanchon, G. ; Pearson, T. J. ; Perdereau, O. ; Perotto, L. ; Perrotta, F. ; Pettorino, V. ; Piacentini, F. ; Piat, M. ; Pierpaoli, E. ; Pietrobon, D. ; Plaszczynski, S. ; Pointecouteau, E. ; Polenta, G. ; Popa, L. ; Pratt, G. W. ; Prézeau, G. ; Prunet, S. ; Puget, J. L. ; Rachen, J. P. ; Rebolo, R. ; Reinecke, M. ; Remazeilles, M. ; Renault, C. ; Renzi, A. ; Ristorcelli, I. ; Rocha, G. ; Rosset, C. ; Rossetti, M. ; Rotti, A. ; Roudier, G. ; Rubinõ-Martín, J. A. ; Rusholme, B. ; Sandri, M. ; Santos, D. ; Savelainen, M. ; Savini, G. ; Scott, D. ; Seiffert, M. D. ; Shellard, E. P S ; Souradeep, T. ; Spencer, L. D. ; Stolyarov, V. ; Stompor, R. ; Sudiwala, R. ; Sunyaev, R. ; Sutton, D. ; Suur-Uski, A. S. ; Sygnet, J. F. ; Tauber, J. A. ; Terenzi, L. ; Toffolatti, L. ; Tomasi, M. ; Tristram, M. ; Trombetti, T. ; Tucci, M. ; Tuovinen, J. ; Valenziano, L. ; Valiviita, J. ; Van Tent, B. ; Vielva, P. ; Villa, F. ; Wade, L. A. ; Wandelt, B. D. ; Wehus, I. K. ; Yvon, D. ; Zacchei, A. ; Zibin, J. P. ; Zonca, A.
Date:	2016-10-01
Language:	en
Department:	Cardiff University Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India Service d'Astrophysique CEA Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge International School for Advanced Studies IRAP Universidad de Cantabria Sapienza University of Rome Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional UMR7095 INAF/IASF Milano Jet Propulsion Laboratory School of Physics and Astronomy University of Toronto University of California Berkeley Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris Université Sorbonne Paris Cité Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna University of Oxford Telecom ParisTech Princeton University Niels Bohr Institute Stanford University Imperial College London University of British Columbia Université Paris-Sud LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Università La Sapienza Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Urbanización Villafranca Del Castillo University of Cambridge Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik University of Oslo Università di Roma Tor Vergata Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste Simon Fraser University University of Chicago National Taiwan University University of Warsaw McGill University Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Florida State University University of Helsinki Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Department of Radio Science and Engineering University of Ferrara CERN University of California Santa Barbara California Institute of Technology University of Nottingham National University of Ireland, Galway RAS - P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute University of Southern California Osservatorio Astronomicodi Roma Institute for Space Sciences Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias University College London Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences European Space Research and Technology Centre University of Geneva Trinity College Dublin Université Paris Diderot
Series:	Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 594
ISSN:	0004-6361 1432-0746
DOI-number:	10.1051/0004-6361/201526681
Keywords:	Cosmic background radiation, Cosmology: observations, Methods: data analysis, Methods: statistical, Polarization
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Citation: Ade , P A R , Aghanim , N , Akrami , Y , Aluri , P K , Arnaud , M , Ashdown , M , Aumont , J , Baccigalupi , C , Banday , A J , Barreiro , R B , Bartolo , N , Basak , S , Battaner , E , Benabed , K , Benoît , A , Benoit-Lévy , A , Bernard , J P , Bersanelli , M , Bielewicz , P , Bock , J J , Bonaldi , A , Bonavera , L , Bond , J R , Borrill , J , Bouchet , F R , Boulanger , F , Bucher , M , Burigana , C , Butler , R C , Calabrese , E , Cardoso , J F , Casaponsa , B , Catalano , A , Challinor , A , Chamballu , A , Chiang , H C , Christensen , P R , Church , S , Clements , D L , Colombi , S , Colombo , L P L , Combet , C , Contreras , D , Couchot , F , Coulais , A , Crill , B P , Cruz , M , Curto , A , Cuttaia , F , Danese , L , Davies , R D , Davis , R J , De Bernardis , P , De Rosa , A , De Zotti , G , Delabrouille , J , Désert , F X , Diego , J M , Dole , H , Donzelli , S , Doré , O , Douspis , M , Ducout , A , Dupac , X , Efstathiou , G , Elsner , F , Enßlin , T A , Eriksen , H K , Fantaye , Y , Fergusson ,J , Fernandez-Cobos , R , Finelli , F , Forni , O , Frailis , M , Fraisse , A A , Franceschi , E , Frejsel , A , Frolov , A , Galeotta , S , Galli , S , Ganga , K , Gauthier , C , Ghosh , T , Giard , M , Giraud-Héraud , Y , Gjerløw , E , González-Nuevo , J , Górski , K M , Gratton , S , Gregorio , A , Gruppuso , A , Gudmundsson , J E , Hansen , F K , Hanson , D , Harrison , D L , Henrot-Versillé , S , Hernández-Monteagudo , C , Herranz , D , Hildebrandt , S R , Hivon , E , Hobson , M , Holmes , W A , Hornstrup , A , Hovest , W , Huang , Z , Huffenberger , K M , Hurier , G , Jaffe , A H , Jaffe , T R , Jones , W C , Juvela , M , Keihänen , E , Keskitalo , R , Kim , J , Kisner , T S , Knoche , J , Kunz , M , Kurki-Suonio , H , Lagache , G , Lähteenmäki , A , Lamarre , J M , Lasenby , A , Lattanzi , M , Lawrence , C R , Leonardi , R , Lesgourgues , J , Levrier , F , Liguori , M , Lilje , P B , Linden-Vørnle , M , Liu , H , López-Caniego , M , Lubin , P M , Maciás-Pérez , J F , Maggio , G , Maino , D , Mandolesi, N , Mangilli , A , Marinucci , D , Maris , M , Martin , P G , Martínez-González , E , Masi , S , Matarrese , S , Mcgehee , P , Meinhold , P R , Melchiorri , A , Mendes , L , Mennella , A , Migliaccio , M , Mikkelsen , K , Mitra , S , Miville-Deschênes , M A , Molinari , D , Moneti , A , Montier , L , Morgante , G , Mortlock , D , Moss , A , Munshi , D , Murphy , J A , Naselsky , P , Nati , F , Natoli , P , Netterfield , C B , Nørgaard-Nielsen , H U , Noviello , F , Novikov , D , Novikov , I , Oxborrow , C A , Paci , F , Pagano , L , Pajot , F , Pant , N , Paoletti , D , Pasian , F , Patanchon , G , Pearson , T J , Perdereau , O , Perotto , L , Perrotta , F , Pettorino , V , Piacentini , F , Piat , M , Pierpaoli , E , Pietrobon , D , Plaszczynski , S , Pointecouteau , E , Polenta , G , Popa , L , Pratt , G W , Prézeau , G , Prunet , S , Puget , J L , Rachen , J P , Rebolo , R , Reinecke , M , Remazeilles , M , Renault , C , Renzi , A , Ristorcelli , I , Rocha , G , Rosset , C , Rossetti , M , Rotti , A , Roudier , G , Rubinõ-Martín , J A , Rusholme , B , Sandri , M , Santos , D , Savelainen , M , Savini , G , Scott , D , Seiffert , M D , Shellard , E P S , Souradeep , T , Spencer , L D , Stolyarov , V , Stompor , R , Sudiwala , R , Sunyaev , R , Sutton , D , Suur-Uski , A S , Sygnet , J F , Tauber , J A , Terenzi , L , Toffolatti , L , Tomasi , M , Tristram , M , Trombetti , T , Tucci , M , Tuovinen , J , Valenziano , L , Valiviita , J , Van Tent , B , Vielva , P , Villa , F , Wade , L A , Wandelt , B D , Wehus , I K , Yvon , D , Zacchei , A , Zibin , J P & Zonca , A 2016 , ' Planck 2015 results : XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB ' , Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol. 594 , A16 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526681
Abstract: We test the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies using observations made by the Planck satellite. Our results are based mainly on the full Planck mission for temperature, but also include some polarization measurements. In particular, we consider the CMB anisotropy maps derived from the multi-frequency Planck data by several component-separation methods. For the temperature anisotropies, we find excellent agreement between results based on these sky maps over both a very large fraction of the sky and a broad range of angular scales, establishing that potential foreground residuals do not affect our studies. Tests of skewness, kurtosis, multi-normality, N-point functions, and Minkowski functionals indicate consistency with Gaussianity, while a power deficit at large angular scales is manifested in several ways, for example low map variance. The results of a peak statistics analysis are consistent with the expectations of a Gaussian random field. The "Cold Spot" is detected with several methods, including map kurtosis, peak statistics, and mean temperature profile. We thoroughly probe the large-scale dipolar power asymmetry, detecting it with several independent tests, and address the subject of a posteriori correction. Tests of directionality suggest the presence of angular clustering from large to small scales, but at a significance that is dependent on the details of the approach. We perform the first examination of polarization data, finding the morphology of stacked peaks to be consistent with the expectations of statistically isotropic simulations. Where they overlap, these results are consistent with the Planck 2013 analysis based on the nominal mission data and provide our most thorough view of the statistics of the CMB fluctuations to date.

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