Planck 2015 results

Ade, P. A R; Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Battaner, E.; Battye, R.; Benabed, K.; Benoît, A.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernard, J. P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bonaldi, A.; Bonavera, L.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. F.; Catalano, A.; Challinor, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chiang, H. C.; Christensen, P. R.; Church, S.; Clements, D. L.; Colombi, S.; Colombo, L. P L; Combet, C.; Couchot, F.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davies, R. D.; Davis, R. J.; De Bernardis, P.; De Rosa, A.; De Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Désert, F. X.; Diego, J. M.; Dole, H.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Ducout, A.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Elsner, F.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Fergusson, J.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Frejsel, A.; Galeotta, S.; Galli, S.; Ganga, K.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; Gjerløw, E.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Hansen, F. K.; Hanson, D.; Harrison, D. L.; Heavens, A.; Helou, G.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Hovest, W.; Huang, Z.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Hurier, G.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T. S.; Knoche, J.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Lamarre, J. M.; Lasenby, A.; Lattanzi, M.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leonardi, R.; Lesgourgues, J.; Levrier, F.; Lewis, A.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; Ma, Y. Z.; Macías-Pérez, J. F.; Maggio, G.; Maino, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Mangilli, A.; Marchini, A.; Maris, M.; Martin, P. G.; Martinelli, M.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Matarrese, S.; McGehee, P.; Meinhold, P. R.; Melchiorri, A.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Mitra, S.; Miville-Deschênes, M. A.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Moss, A.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Narimani, A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Paci, F.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Paoletti, D.; Pasian, F.; Patanchon, G.; Pearson, T. J.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Pettorino, V.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pierpaoli, E.; Pietrobon, D.; Plaszczynski, S.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Popa, L.; Pratt, G. W.; Prézeau, G.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J. L.; Rachen, J. P.; Reach, W. T.; Rebolo, R.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Renzi, A.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Rossetti, M.; Roudier, G.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Rubiño-Martín, J. A.; Rusholme, B.; Salvatelli, V.; Sandri, M.; Santos, D.; Savelainen, M.; Savini, G.; Schaefer, B. M.; Scott, D.; Seiffert, M. D.; Shellard, E. P S; Spencer, L. D.; Stolyarov, V.; Stompor, R.; Sudiwala, R.; Sunyaev, R.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A. S.; Sygnet, J. F.; Tauber, J. A.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.; Tuovinen, J.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, B.; Viel, M.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Wade, L. A.; Wandelt, B. D.; Wehus, I. K.; White, M.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.

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Planck 2015 results

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Title:	Planck 2015 results
Author(s):	Ade, P. A R ; Aghanim, N. ; Arnaud, M. ; Ashdown, M. ; Aumont, J. ; Baccigalupi, C. ; Banday, A. J. ; Barreiro, R. B. ; Bartolo, N. ; Battaner, E. ; Battye, R. ; Benabed, K. ; Benoît, A. ; Benoit-Lévy, A. ; Bernard, J. P. ; Bersanelli, M. ; Bielewicz, P. ; Bock, J. J. ; Bonaldi, A. ; Bonavera, L. ; Bond, J. R. ; Borrill, J. ; Bouchet, F. R. ; Bucher, M. ; Burigana, C. ; Butler, R. C. ; Calabrese, E. ; Cardoso, J. F. ; Catalano, A. ; Challinor, A. ; Chamballu, A. ; Chiang, H. C. ; Christensen, P. R. ; Church, S. ; Clements, D. L. ; Colombi, S. ; Colombo, L. P L ; Combet, C. ; Couchot, F. ; Coulais, A. ; Crill, B. P. ; Curto, A. ; Cuttaia, F. ; Danese, L. ; Davies, R. D. ; Davis, R. J. ; De Bernardis, P. ; De Rosa, A. ; De Zotti, G. ; Delabrouille, J. ; Désert, F. X. ; Diego, J. M. ; Dole, H. ; Donzelli, S. ; Doré, O. ; Douspis, M. ; Ducout, A. ; Dupac, X. ; Efstathiou, G. ; Elsner, F. ; Enßlin, T. A. ; Eriksen, H. K. ; Fergusson, J. ; Finelli, F. ; Forni, O. ; Frailis, M. ; Fraisse, A. A. ; Franceschi, E. ; Frejsel, A. ; Galeotta, S. ; Galli, S. ; Ganga, K. ; Giard, M. ; Giraud-Héraud, Y. ; Gjerløw, E. ; González-Nuevo, J. ; Górski, K. M. ; Gratton, S. ; Gregorio, A. ; Gruppuso, A. ; Gudmundsson, J. E. ; Hansen, F. K. ; Hanson, D. ; Harrison, D. L. ; Heavens, A. ; Helou, G. ; Henrot-Versillé, S. ; Hernández-Monteagudo, C. ; Herranz, D. ; Hildebrandt, S. R. ; Hivon, E. ; Hobson, M. ; Holmes, W. A. ; Hornstrup, A. ; Hovest, W. ; Huang, Z. ; Huffenberger, K. M. ; Hurier, G. ; Jaffe, A. H. ; Jaffe, T. R. ; Jones, W. C. ; Juvela, M. ; Keihänen, E. ; Keskitalo, R. ; Kisner, T. S. ; Knoche, J. ; Kunz, M. ; Kurki-Suonio, H. ; Lagache, G. ; Lähteenmäki, A. ; Lamarre, J. M. ; Lasenby, A. ; Lattanzi, M. ; Lawrence, C. R. ; Leonardi, R. ; Lesgourgues, J. ; Levrier, F. ; Lewis, A. ; Liguori, M. ; Lilje, P. B. ; Linden-Vørnle, M. ; López-Caniego, M. ; Lubin, P. M. ; Ma, Y. Z. ; Macías-Pérez, J. F. ; Maggio, G. ; Maino, D. ; Mandolesi, N. ; Mangilli, A. ; Marchini, A. ; Maris, M. ; Martin, P. G. ; Martinelli, M. ; Martínez-González, E. ; Masi, S. ; Matarrese, S. ; McGehee, P. ; Meinhold, P. R. ; Melchiorri, A. ; Mendes, L. ; Mennella, A. ; Migliaccio, M. ; Mitra, S. ; Miville-Deschênes, M. A. ; Moneti, A. ; Montier, L. ; Morgante, G. ; Mortlock, D. ; Moss, A. ; Munshi, D. ; Murphy, J. A. ; Narimani, A. ; Naselsky, P. ; Nati, F. ; Natoli, P. ; Netterfield, C. B. ; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U. ; Noviello, F. ; Novikov, D. ; Novikov, I. ; Oxborrow, C. A. ; Paci, F. ; Pagano, L. ; Pajot, F. ; Paoletti, D. ; Pasian, F. ; Patanchon, G. ; Pearson, T. J. ; Perdereau, O. ; Perotto, L. ; Perrotta, F. ; Pettorino, V. ; Piacentini, F. ; Piat, M. ; Pierpaoli, E. ; Pietrobon, D. ; Plaszczynski, S. ; Pointecouteau, E. ; Polenta, G. ; Popa, L. ; Pratt, G. W. ; Prézeau, G. ; Prunet, S. ; Puget, J. L. ; Rachen, J. P. ; Reach, W. T. ; Rebolo, R. ; Reinecke, M. ; Remazeilles, M. ; Renault, C. ; Renzi, A. ; Ristorcelli, I. ; Rocha, G. ; Rosset, C. ; Rossetti, M. ; Roudier, G. ; Rowan-Robinson, M. ; Rubiño-Martín, J. A. ; Rusholme, B. ; Salvatelli, V. ; Sandri, M. ; Santos, D. ; Savelainen, M. ; Savini, G. ; Schaefer, B. M. ; Scott, D. ; Seiffert, M. D. ; Shellard, E. P S ; Spencer, L. D. ; Stolyarov, V. ; Stompor, R. ; Sudiwala, R. ; Sunyaev, R. ; Sutton, D. ; Suur-Uski, A. S. ; Sygnet, J. F. ; Tauber, J. A. ; Terenzi, L. ; Toffolatti, L. ; Tomasi, M. ; Tristram, M. ; Tucci, M. ; Tuovinen, J. ; Valenziano, L. ; Valiviita, J. ; Van Tent, B. ; Viel, M. ; Vielva, P. ; Villa, F. ; Wade, L. A. ; Wandelt, B. D. ; Wehus, I. K. ; White, M. ; Yvon, D. ; Zacchei, A. ; Zonca, A.
Date:	2016-10-01
Language:	en
Pages:	1-31
Department:	Cardiff University Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge International School for Advanced Studies IRAP Universidad de Cantabria Sapienza University of Rome Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional University of Manchester UMR7095 INAF/IASF Milano Jet Propulsion Laboratory University of Toronto University of California Berkeley Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris Université Sorbonne Paris Cité Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna University of Oxford Telecom ParisTech Princeton University Niels Bohr Institute Stanford University Imperial College London Université Paris-Sud LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Università La Sapienza Urbanización Villafranca Del Castillo University of Cambridge Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik University of Oslo Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste University of Chicago University of Warsaw Stockholm University McGill University California Institute of Technology Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Florida State University University of Helsinki Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Department of Radio Science and Engineering University of Ferrara Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos CERN University of Sussex University of California Santa Barbara University of British Columbia Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik University of Nottingham National University of Ireland, Galway RAS - P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute University of Southern California Osservatorio Astronomico Roma Institute for Space Sciences Universities Space Research Association Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Università di Roma Tor Vergata University College London Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences European Space Research and Technology Centre Università degli Studi eCampus University of Geneva Trinity College Dublin Université Paris Diderot
Series:	Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 594
ISSN:	0004-6361 1432-0746
DOI-number:	10.1051/0004-6361/201525814
Keywords:	Cosmic background radiation, Cosmology: theory, Dark energy, Gravitation
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Citation: Ade , P A R , Aghanim , N , Arnaud , M , Ashdown , M , Aumont , J , Baccigalupi , C , Banday , A J , Barreiro , R B , Bartolo , N , Battaner , E , Battye , R , Benabed , K , Benoît , A , Benoit-Lévy , A , Bernard , J P , Bersanelli , M , Bielewicz , P , Bock , J J , Bonaldi , A , Bonavera , L , Bond , J R , Borrill , J , Bouchet , F R , Bucher , M , Burigana , C , Butler , R C , Calabrese , E , Cardoso , J F , Catalano , A , Challinor , A , Chamballu , A , Chiang , H C , Christensen , P R , Church , S , Clements , D L , Colombi , S , Colombo , L P L , Combet , C , Couchot , F , Coulais , A , Crill , B P , Curto , A , Cuttaia , F , Danese , L , Davies , R D , Davis , R J , De Bernardis , P , De Rosa , A , De Zotti , G , Delabrouille , J , Désert , F X , Diego , J M , Dole , H , Donzelli , S , Doré , O , Douspis , M , Ducout , A , Dupac , X , Efstathiou , G , Elsner , F , Enßlin , T A , Eriksen , H K , Fergusson , J , Finelli , F , Forni , O , Frailis , M , Fraisse , A A , Franceschi , E , Frejsel , A , Galeotta , S , Galli , S , Ganga , K , Giard , M , Giraud-Héraud , Y , Gjerløw , E , González-Nuevo , J , Górski , K M , Gratton , S , Gregorio , A , Gruppuso , A , Gudmundsson , J E , Hansen , F K , Hanson , D , Harrison , D L , Heavens , A , Helou , G , Henrot-Versillé , S , Hernández-Monteagudo , C , Herranz , D , Hildebrandt , S R , Hivon , E , Hobson , M , Holmes , W A , Hornstrup , A , Hovest , W , Huang , Z , Huffenberger , K M , Hurier , G , Jaffe , A H , Jaffe , T R , Jones , W C , Juvela , M , Keihänen , E , Keskitalo , R , Kisner , T S , Knoche , J , Kunz , M , Kurki-Suonio , H , Lagache , G , Lähteenmäki , A , Lamarre , J M , Lasenby , A , Lattanzi , M , Lawrence , C R , Leonardi , R , Lesgourgues , J , Levrier , F , Lewis , A , Liguori , M , Lilje , P B , Linden-Vørnle , M , López-Caniego , M , Lubin , P M , Ma , Y Z , Macías-Pérez , J F , Maggio , G , Maino , D , Mandolesi , N , Mangilli , A , Marchini , A , Maris , M , Martin , P G , Martinelli , M , Martínez-González , E , Masi , S , Matarrese , S , McGehee , P , Meinhold , P R , Melchiorri , A , Mendes , L , Mennella , A , Migliaccio , M , Mitra , S , Miville-Deschênes , M A , Moneti , A , Montier , L , Morgante , G , Mortlock , D , Moss , A , Munshi , D , Murphy , J A , Narimani , A , Naselsky , P , Nati , F , Natoli , P , Netterfield , C B , Nørgaard-Nielsen , H U , Noviello , F , Novikov , D , Novikov , I , Oxborrow , C A , Paci , F , Pagano , L , Pajot , F , Paoletti , D , Pasian , F , Patanchon , G , Pearson , T J , Perdereau , O , Perotto , L , Perrotta , F , Pettorino , V , Piacentini , F , Piat , M , Pierpaoli , E , Pietrobon , D , Plaszczynski , S , Pointecouteau , E , Polenta , G , Popa , L , Pratt , G W , Prézeau , G , Prunet , S , Puget , J L , Rachen , J P , Reach , W T , Rebolo , R , Reinecke , M , Remazeilles , M , Renault , C , Renzi , A , Ristorcelli , I , Rocha , G , Rosset , C , Rossetti , M , Roudier , G , Rowan-Robinson , M , Rubiño-Martín , J A , Rusholme , B , Salvatelli , V , Sandri , M , Santos , D , Savelainen , M , Savini , G , Schaefer , B M , Scott , D , Seiffert , M D , Shellard , E P S , Spencer , L D , Stolyarov , V , Stompor , R , Sudiwala , R , Sunyaev , R , Sutton , D , Suur-Uski , A S , Sygnet , J F , Tauber , J A , Terenzi , L , Toffolatti , L , Tomasi , M , Tristram , M , Tucci , M , Tuovinen , J , Valenziano , L , Valiviita , J , Van Tent , B , Viel , M , Vielva , P , Villa , F , Wade , L A , Wandelt , B D , Wehus , I K , White , M , Yvon , D , Zacchei , A & Zonca , A 2016 , ' Planck 2015 results : XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity ' , Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol. 594 , A14 , pp. 1-31 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525814
Abstract: We study the implications of Planck data for models of dark energy (DE) and modified gravity (MG) beyond the standard cosmological constant scenario. We start with cases where the DE only directly affects the background evolution, considering Taylor expansions of the equation of state w(a), as well as principal component analysis and parameterizations related to the potential of a minimally coupled DE scalar field. When estimating the density of DE at early times, we significantly improve present constraints and find that it has to be below ∼2% (at 95% confidence) of the critical density, even when forced to play a role for z < 50 only. We then move to general parameterizations of the DE or MG perturbations that encompass both effective field theories and the phenomenology of gravitational potentials in MG models. Lastly, we test a range of specific models, such as k-essence, f(R) theories, and coupled DE. In addition to the latest Planck data, for our main analyses, we use background constraints from baryonic acoustic oscillations, type-Ia supernovae, and local measurements of the Hubble constant. We further show the impact of measurements of the cosmological perturbations, such as redshift-space distortions and weak gravitational lensing. These additional probes are important tools for testing MG models and for breaking degeneracies that are still present in the combination of Planck and background data sets. All results that include only background parameterizations (expansion of the equation of state, early DE, general potentials in minimally-coupled scalar fields or principal component analysis) are in agreement with ΛCDM. When testing models that also change perturbations (even when the background is fixed to ΛCDM), some tensions appear in a few scenarios: the maximum one found is ∼2σ for Planck TT+lowP when parameterizing observables related to the gravitational potentials with a chosen time dependence; the tension increases to, at most, 3σ when external data sets are included. It however disappears when including CMB lensing.

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