Flexible Loads in Smart Grids - Charging Solutions for Electric Vehicles and Storage Space Heating

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Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
School of Electrical Engineering | Doctoral thesis (article-based) | Defence date: 2016-11-24
Date
2016
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
103 + app. 99
Series
Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, 236/2016
Abstract
Renewable generation sources provide emission free power production, however their intermittent nature requires more elasticity on the demand side. Matching the demand and supply with more intermittent renewable sources in the system is challenging due to their variable generation. A bulk storage media for electrical energy and a big share of time shiftable load could help solve the problem to a great extent in increasing the utilization of network resources and achieving the optimal usage of energy. Large storage could offer a worthy cushion to house fluctuations on both the generation and consumption sides. Shifting the time of use for flexible loads could offer cost savings to the end customer and support the network in dealing with critical situations. Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Storage Space Heating (SSH) have a great potential as a flexible load and storage media. For instance, EVs could draw extra power from the power grid in off-peak hours or with the excessive production from renewables. It could supply power back to the power grid in peak hours or if generation from the renewables is dropped. If penetration of EVs increase rapidly, then fulfilling their charging needs in every scenario with the existing power network and market mechanism would be challenging. The development of intelligent charging infrastructure for EVs to charge them as optimally as possible both in terms of charging cost and time is a subject of concern. Along with EVs, space heating load contributes a big share in the overall load of a household. SSH has an abundant potential as a flexible load for grid support in energy balance management. Intelligent charging control of Heat Storage (HS) could assist the grid in mitigating fluctuations on both the consumption and generation sides. This study considers the charging solutions for EVs and SSH. The main focus of this work is to suggest charging solutions for EVs for fulfilling their charging needs in every scenario. This research investigates the impact of different power tariffs on charging profiles under various simulation scenarios, to propose a demand bidding framework for rescheduling of charging and make a feasibility study on uncontrolled fast charging of EVs on highways. This thesis is a slight addition in the field of power systems engineering, especially in charging solutions for EVs and SSH in energy balance management. Elementary advantage is the customer participation in energy market. Cost effective use of energy and power network resources could be achieved. Fluctuations due to intermittent renewable generation could be mitigated. Network capacity utilization and possible expansion of the grid with the increased EV penetration is identified. 
Description
Supervising professor
Lehtonen, Matti, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Finland
Thesis advisor
Lehtonen, Matti, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Finland
Keywords
battery charging, demand response, electric vehicles, flexible loads, smart grid, storage space heating
Other note
Parts
  • [Publication 1]: F. H. Malik, M. Lehtonen, “A Review: Agents in Smart Grids”, Electric Power System Research, vol. 131, February, 2016, pp. 71-79.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.10.004 View at publisher
  • [Publication 2]: F. H. Malik, M. Ali, M. Lehtonen, “Intelligent Agent Based Architecture for Demand Side Management Considering Space Heating and Electric Vehicle Load”, Engineering, vol. 6, no. 11, October, 2014, pp. 670-679.
    DOI: 10.4236/eng.2014.611066 View at publisher
  • [Publication 3]: F. H. Malik, M. Ali, M. Lehtonen, "Collaborative Demand Response Optimization of Electric Vehicles and Storage Space Heating for Residential Peak Shaving", International Review of Electrical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 6, November-December, 2014, pp. 1154-1161.
    DOI: 10.15866/iree.v9i6.4829 View at publisher
  • [Publication 4]: F. H. Malik, M. Lehtonen, "Comparison of Electric Vehicles Charging Strategies and their Impact on Network Capacity", International Review of Electrical Engineering, vol. 10, no. 2, March-April, 2015, pp. 214-220.
    DOI: 10.15866/iree.v10i2.5375 View at publisher
  • [Publication 5]: F. H. Malik, M. Humayun, M. Lehtonen, “Intelligent Agents Based Framework for Demand Bidding to Achieve Demand Response Objectives by EVs Charging and Heating Loads”. Submitted to the journal Electric Power System Research, April 2016.
  • [Publication 6]: F. H. Malik, M. Lehtonen, “Agent Based Bidding Architecture in Electricity Markets for EVs as V2G and G2V”, 17th International Scientific Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (EPE), Prague, Czech Republic, 16-18 May, 2016, pp. 1-6.
    DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7521728 View at publisher
  • [Publication 7]: F. H. Malik, M. Lehtonen, E. Saarijärvi, A. Safdarian, "A Feasibility Study of Fast Charging Infrastructure for EVs on Highways", International Review of Electrical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, March-April, 2014, pp. 341-350.
  • [Publication 8]: F. H. Malik, M. Lehtonen, "Capacity Requirements of Electric Vehicles Charging Infrastructure with the Evolution of their Market", International Review of Modelling and Simulation, vol. 7, no. 4, August, 2014, pp. 584-589.
    DOI: 10.15866/iremos.v7i4.2367 View at publisher
  • [Publication 9]: F. H. Malik, M. Lehtonen, "Analysis of Power Network Loading due to Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles on Highways", 10th Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference, Tallinn, Estonia, 29-31 August, 2016.
    DOI: 10.1109/PQ.2016.7724097 View at publisher
Citation