[article-cris] Taiteiden ja suunnittelun korkeakoulu / ARTS

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    Transformations of the Beirut River: Between Temporary and Permanent Liminality
    (Cogitatio Press, 2024-03-07) Mady, Christine; Department of Architecture
    This article presents the case of the Beirut River corridor in Lebanon, which defines the administrative border between the capital Beirut, its eastern and south-eastern suburbs. The Beirut River has undergone several transformations from being a lotic environment to becoming complex urban infrastructure. This is often unnoticeable due to the scarcity of its running water and its walled existence at the edge of administrative boundaries. The separation from its riverbanks, disconnection from the urban fabric, and continuous pollution have contributed to its liminality, being simultaneously neither present nor absent. To understand this in-betweenness, the river’s spatial, temporal, and social liminality are analysed by identifying major events, actors, and key urban planning interventions that impacted the river at the national, city region, and local scales. The article explores the development of the river corridor both in terms of urbanisation and population dynamics; its distinct positionality in different periods that corresponded to major events and decisions made; and the contrasting river experiences and perceptions across generations, which vary between reminiscence and aversion. By examining the various transformative processes, collective practices, perceptions, and diverse actors, the article highlights the contextual implications of this obdurate liminality, but also Beirut River’s potential alternative future positionality amidst present and imminent urban challenges.
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    Materialism as A Cultural Medium Three Projects by Finnish Architects in China
    (Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Tampere University of Technology, School of Architecture, Oulu School of Architecture, Oulu University, Finnish Association of Architects = Suomen arkkitehtiliitto SAFA, 2023-05-29) Zhao, Yizhou; Sanaksenaho, Pirjo; Nieto Fernandez, Fernando; Department of Architecture
    In an era of globalization, Finnish architects have developed a series of projects in China in recent years. These Chinese projects continue and expand the tradition of international practice of the Finnish architectural community and provide new perspectives for the observation and study of Finnish architecture. Finnish architecture is connected with Finnish national imagination and identity construction. Yet, in China, Finnish architects inevitably deal with their own cultural identity concerning their work context in various ways. This study attempts to combine the historical facts of Finnish architects' entry into China with an in-depth analysis of cases, showing how building materials can become carriers of design thinking and cultural mediators. Thus, the study can further demonstrate the reconciliation process between the expansion of architectural internationalism and its interactions with local conditions in the globalized practice of architecture. The choice of building materials carries the design ideas of the Finnish architects. Also, it serves as a cultural intermediary to explain the architects' identity and relationship to the Chinese context. Based on three specific cases, this study retraces the Finnish-based architect's design process and material considerations through interviews and a review of a large number of design documents, including drawings and models.
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    Huono-osaisuus ja köyhyys rajoittivat sosiaalista osallisuutta ja olivat ylisukupolvisesti periytyviä sekä 1800- että 2000-luvuilla
    (2023) Kallio, Johanna; Vainio-Korhonen, Kirsi; Artukka, Topi; Isola, Anna-Maria; Lehtokari, Anniina; Saarenpää, Taina; Savolainen, Panu; Syväniemi, Maria; Toikka, Enna; Viljamaa, Noora; Arkkitehtuurin laitos; Ruoppila, Sampo; University of Turku; Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Finland National Institute for Health & Welfare, Dept Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent; City of Turku; University of Lapland
    Historiantutkijoiden ja sosiaalitieteilijöiden yhteisessä hankkeessa tutkittiin turkulaista huono-osaisuutta ja köyhyyttä 1830-1840-luvuilla ja 2010-luvulla. 1800-luvun alkua tarkastelleet historiantutkijat pystyivät käyttämään tutkimuksessaan samanlaisia käsitteitä, joita sosiaalitieteilijät käyttävät tutkiessaan nykyhetkeä ja lähimenneisyyttä. Näitä käsitteitä olivat köyhyys, sosiaalinen osattomuus sekä huono-osaisuus ja sen hierarkkinen rakentuminen. Näin kyettiin osoittamaan, miten lapsiköyhyyden pitkä vaikutus myöhempiin elämänvaiheisiin ja sen ylisukupolvisuus ovat olemassa ajasta riippumatta. Siten saatiin vahvaa näyttöä, että lasten sosiaalista osallisuutta tukemalla voidaan torjua ylisukupolvista köyhyyttä.
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    Obstacles, Solutions and Creative Agencies: How Forces and Agencies Shape the Learning Process of Weaving
    (Taylor & Francis, 2024) Aktas, Bilge; Omwami, Anniliina; Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, Pirita; Mäkelä, Maarit; Department of Design; Empirica; University of Helsinki
    This paper explores how design students overcome various obstacles they encounter during their design processes. By studying the processes of three textile design students during their weaving course, we investigated the forces and agencies that help overcome or accommodate obstacles by developing solutions. The interview data showed that while learning and advancing a skill, in our case weaving, various obstacles emerge through direct and indirect interactions. By recognizing how to position themselves and build relationalities, students start working with various agencies to develop ways of being with these obstacles. Our findings propose that experiencing obstacles fosters the learning process of students by leading them to actively look for ways of being with other elements while becoming more skillful in their practice.
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    A Proof-of-Concept Study on Smart Gloves for Real-Time Chest Compression Performance Monitoring
    (IEEE, 2024-02-02) Guridi Sotomayor, Sofia; Mauranen, Henry; Pouta, Emmi; Semjonova, Guna; Tewelde Kahsay, Desale; Souza Leite, Clayton; Rosio, Riitta; Peltonen, Laura-Maria; Tommila, Miretta; Salanterä, Sanna; Xiao, Yu; Department of Design; Department of Information and Communications Engineering; Fashion/Textile Futures; Mobile Cloud Computing; University of Turku; Riga Stradins University
    Correctly performed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a critical element in preventing deaths caused by cardiac arrest (CA). To improve the outcomes and quality of CPR, stand-alone devices that monitor the performance and provide feedback have been developed. However, these devices have multiple limitations due to their rigidity and stiffness. Furthermore, most of the devices do not account for complete chest recoil as a metric of quality CPR, reducing the quality of compressions. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes smart gloves equipped with e-textiles-based pressure sensors and inertial measurement units (IMUs) to monitor the quality adult CPR in real-time. The prototype development combined data-driven design and Research Through Design (RtD) methods, taking into account not only the accuracy but also the usability of the smart gloves. A preliminary study with nine participants performing CPR on a doll was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and wearability of the smart gloves. Study results show that the smart gloves accurately detect chest compression parameters, including compression depth, compression rate, chest recoil and interruption between compressions based on the intelligent fusion of pressure sensors and IMUs. In addition, the newly developed smart gloves are lightweight, hand adaptable, and easily replicable as an alternative for hard case devices. The design methods used in this study can be applied to design other accessible and comfortable wearable devices in healthcare settings.
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    What futures for transdisciplinarity in nuclear RD?
    (2023-05-12) Turcanu, Catrinel; Meskens, Gaston; Geysmans, Robbe; Silvikko de Villafranca, Marika; Kenens, Joke; Perko, Tanja; Belgian Nuclear Research Centre; Inuse; Department of Design; Lawrence, Roderick J.
    The complexity of nuclear risk governance inherently calls for approaches integrating multiple disciplines and knowledges. In this chapter we reflect on transdisciplinarity, as a paradigm that embraces this complexity, and describe examples of potential venues that have supported - or have the potential to support - nuclear research, policy and practice to become self-reflexive and transdisciplinary. These venues are rather diverse, located in policies and projects, research teams and networks, partnerships with civil society actors and citizen science initiatives. While they share several challenges and potential benefits regarding transdisciplinarity with wider fields, each venue also attends to specific contexts with their own limitations and possibilities for transdisciplinary research. We conclude that transdisciplinarity in nuclear research and development (R&D) depends not only on the willingness of the scientific community, stakeholders, citizens and policy makers to engage in a dialogue, but also on a reform of research and education that supports transdisciplinarity and welcomes the use of co-produced knowledge to address current societal challenges.
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    From Digitized to Digital
    (2016-12-12) Heikkilä, Harri; Department of Media; Department of Media
    Research seeks to conceptualize the existing e-book formats in terms of their essential functionalities used in teaching and learning The aim is to spark a debate about the relationship between e-books and learning environments by sharing information about the formats on the market and the existing and potential functions of e-textbooks This study also identi es and proposes solutions to the problems of digitalization This is not a guide for choosing e-textbooks Instead, the aim is to bring new knowledge into the sector and launch a debate on possible future e-textbook models and opportunities, and to act as a kind of cookbook for textbooks in a new era
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    Consumer Engagement in Circular Consumption Systems : a Roadmap Structure for Apparel Retail Companies
    (Springer, 2023-12-16) Gomes, Giovana Monteiro; Moreira, Natalia; Ometto, Aldo Roberto; Universidade de São Paulo; Department of Design; Department of Design
    Organizations that adopt Circular Business Models, such as apparel companies, must overcome barriers on many levels, including the lack of consumer engagement. Data from different stakeholders in the Brazilian apparel value chain were gathered, and interviews with circular apparel companies were conducted to support the development of a roadmap structure that guides companies in engaging their consumers. The roadmap structure has three layers, consumer behavior, business model design, and communication and marketing, and provides sets of activities that contribute to the success of circular transition in apparel companies, by supporting short- and long-term changes in consumer behavior through cohesive processes of product development and promotion. The roadmap structure, therefore, presents an integrated view of important determinants of circular consumer engagement. This tool can be piloted and implemented by apparel retail companies that operate in circular production and consumption systems.
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    Paradoxes, contradictions, and deep feelings of ambivalence, or, academia still appeals
    (Edward Elgar, 2023-05-18) Berglund, Eeva; Department of Design; Department of Design; Bifulco, Lavinia; Borghi, Vando
    This essay compares experiences of a reluctant exit from academia at the start of the millennium with recent, contrasting, experiences. The story of academic work-life misery continues. At the same time there is great ambivalence about its potential to help society learn about ever more frightening problems. I show that academia already engages in significant, perhaps existentially crucial ways, with public concerns of all kinds, and indeed that science owes a great debt to protest movements. The text discusses these issues in as they appear in the discourse of the Anthropocene. This is a prominent part of teaching and research in a sustainability focused Masters programme at a Finnish university. The institution has a very corporate style, bringing with it many of the exact problems that critical commentators have identified with the contemporary university, yet it offers openings for developing rather than undermining the learning that public life now needs.
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    Paimio Sanatorium and the Conservation Management Plan—The Masterpiece in Change
    (2023) Malmberg, Jonas; Department of Architecture; Department of Architecture; Borgarino, Maria Paola; Del Curto, Davide
    The building completed in 1933 as Paimio Sanatorium was of key importance to the international career of architects Alvar and Aino Aalto. Together with Vyborg (Viipuri) Library, completed two years later, it gave the Aaltos an international profile.
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    Series of configurational movements : User activities in technology generalization
    (Elsevier Science Inc., 2024-03) Hyysalo, Sampsa; Juntunen, Jouni K.; Department of Design; Inuse
    The detailed studies of adoption and user activities indicate that continuous alterations accompany the proliferation of new technology, yet diffusion theory and system change-oriented frameworks portray the spread of technologies across a social or sociotechnical system with relatively few changes. To better reconcile the two orientations, we introduce a series of configurational movements (SCM) as a conceptual register for the generalization of new technology in society. We elaborate on the SCM with an over-a-decade-long investigation into heat pumps in Finland, one of the globally furthest progressed energy transitions. The process has thus far involved nine configurational movements, each featuring a change in the character of the technology, the ecology of actors relevant to it, and the contexts in which the technology spreads. SCM analysis further surfaces eight user activity types that have shaped how the technology, its deployment, and its markets have evolved: Adoption and routine use, adaption and adjustment, championing, user innovation, community building, peer intermediation, market creation and production of legitimating discourse on heat pumps. In all, the generalization features significant shifts in user practices, the technology, and societal impact throughout the process, not only during its early phases, instilling energy system wide change.
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    Mid-Range Transition Arenas as Catalysts in a Circular Economy
    (2023-01-01) Marttila, Tatu; Lukkarinen, Jani; Hyysalo, Sampsa; Lazarevic, David; Valve, Helena; NODUS; Finnish Environment Institute; Department of Design; Lehtimäki, Hanna; Aarikka-Stenroos, Leena; Jokinen, Ari; Jokinen, Pekka
    Transitions towards a more circular economy (CE) require governance across various domains, and collaboration between actors with potentially conflicting interests. Transition management (TM) provides a promising approach to both assess and mediate different positions in promoting CE transitions. A core aspect of TM is the transition arena (TA), a knowledge co-production process that engages societal stakeholders to develop a future vision and pathways that cut across policy sectors, as well as suggestions for policy actions and experiments. This chapter focuses on the mid-range adaptation of the TA process, and provides three cases in Finland with connections to the CE: one national level counter-agenda on energy and climate policy, and two on regional level transformative visions for the blue bioeconomy. We analyse the key aspects in adapting the mid-range TA in different contexts by explicating variances in design choices and interactions, as well as in the implications of the work. Based on our findings, we suggest that for the CE context, the mid-range TA methodology can offer both a heuristic method to support policy development, as well as a catalyst to operationalise and revise agendas in specific spatial settings.
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    Intimate Infrastructures We Depend upon : Living with Data
    (Media Theory, 2023) Paasonen, Susanna; Jaaksi, Vilja; Koivunen, Anu; Nikunen, Kaarina; Talvitie-Lamberg, Karoliina; Vänskä, Annamari; University of Turku; Tampere University; University of Jyväskylä; Department of Design; Department of Design
    This essay takes on Lauren Berlant’s mapping of intimacy as ‘connections that impact on people, and on which they depend for living’ in order to address attachments, dependencies, and vulnerabilities in datafied contexts where digital platforms operate as infrastructures of everyday life. Building on interview material, we explore such intimate attachments as ones rife with friction and inconvenience, asking how vulnerabilities emerge and become differently distributed among our study participants. We argue that thinking about the datafied everyday in terms of intimacy opens up space for considering the fundamental ambiguities involved in what matters to people, what they are attached to, and what they simply need to live with. We further suggest that attending to the complexity and vitality of mundane relating, impacting, and world-making offers ways of exploring and techno-capitalist infrastructures of data extraction and mass surveillance in tandem with other attachments and connections that bind, and matter.
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    Making the future in the present : Using Science and Technology Studies to reflect on 40 years of research in the HADES Underground Research Laboratory
    (Geological Society of London, 2023-01-09) Geysmans, Robbe; Silvikko de Villafranca, Marika; Meskens, Gaston; Belgian Nuclear Research Centre; Inuse; Department of Design; Li, Xiang Ling; Van Geet, Maarten; Bruggeman, Christophe; De Craen, Mieke
    The timeframes involved in nuclear waste management often speak to the imagination, and even transcend it: what does it mean to isolate and contain human-made materials for periods up to hundreds of thousands or even a million years? In this article, we reflect on the role played by the HADES underground research laboratory in making the distant future comprehensible today. Our argument starts by focusing on the pioneering role HADES played and plays in knowledge production on geological disposal. It highlights the heterogeneous nature of scientific experiments and experiences, and the performative role these play in defining matters of concern for research and development. Second, attention is directed to how HADES contributes to the defining of what is considered possible and imaginable, and how it therefore not only renders the future more predictable, but also contributes to the making of that future. We end the paper with a reflection on the implications of what ‘making the future’ could entail from an ethical perspective, discussing how the intergenerational responsibilities that come with these future-making capacities could be handled.
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    Mammoths and Reindeer : Speculative design imaginaries and technoscientific care in the Arctic
    (Meson Press, 2023) Müller, Martin; Tikka, Emilia; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Empirica; Department of Design; Perraudin, Léa; Winkler, Clemens; Mareis, Claudia; Held, Matthias
    The future of the Arctic is highly contested. How to care for its fragile ecosystems suffering from escalating climate crisis, extinction of species, and vanishing of cultures? This article discusses and contrasts two cases of design-driven technoscientific speculations on Arctic futures. The first part of the article addresses and problematizes contemporary synthetic biology, where design is understood as engineering: to protect Arctic ecosystems, the mammoth and other extinct species are to be “resurrected” with genome editing. The second part introduces an Arctic design collaboration situated in a reindeer herding culture in the Finnish Sápmi. The project aims to counter the hegemonic technocratic imaginaries, where nature is seen as inert matter for human design: alternative technoscience futures are materialized as other stories where the living relation to the land and reindeer is central.
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    Are ‘tiny homes’ good for the environment? Focus on materials, land-use, energy, and carbon footprint
    (Routledge, 2024-01-03) Kuittinen, Matti; Ruuska, Ksenia; Viriyaroj, Bergpob; Zubillaga, Laura; Department of Architecture; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Department of Architecture
    Material consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are rising in building stocks. At the same time, the floor area of residential buildings per capita has been increasing. New houses can be very energy efficient but are often built from energy and emission-intensive materials. We investigated the potential of tiny homes for reducing material use, energy consumption, and associated emissions, as well as land use. For this study, comparative life cycle assessments and energy simulations were conducted on tiny homes, detached houses, and apartments in the context of Finland, Northern Europe. The results allow comparison between different building types. The studied tiny homes had lower energy consumption and carbon footprints than the reference buildings when comparing these indicators per capita or per building. However, when using floor area as a unit of comparison, the tiny homes perform worse. When looking at land use efficiency, tiny homes and apartment blocks performed better than detached houses. We conclude that, as tiny homes are strongly related to individual lifestyles, their overall relevance for lowering environmental impacts should be compared in relation to consumption habits and use of public services. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of tiny homes need to be interpreted in a broader sustainability context, especially in relation to indicators of social and economic sustainability.
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    Towards an eco-welfare state : Enabling factors for transformative eco-social initiatives
    (SAGE Publications, 2023-12) Hirvilammi, Tuuli; Peltomaa, Juha; Pihlajamaa, Matti; Tiilikainen, Sanna; Tampere University; Finnish Environment Institute; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; NODUS; Department of Design
    In eco-welfare states, welfare provision must operate within planetary boundaries, entailing societal transformations and significant emission reductions. This article contributes to the research on sustainable welfare and eco-social policies by examining transformative and integrative eco-social initiatives that aim to reduce environmental impacts while also ensuring that public actors have the capacities to reach legally binding social outcomes and enhance social inclusion. Theoretically, we combine welfare state transformation research with the concepts of social-ecological systems, provisioning systems and transformative capacity. Our empirical cases in Finland include public actors promoting sustainable public procurement, a network of carbon-neutral municipalities, sustainable lifestyles accelerators at the household level, and carbon footprint calculators as a potential free-to-use technique that supports widespread carbon reductions. We apply a qualitative research design to investigate what kinds of factors are crucial in enhancing the transformative capacity of provisioning systems and how various factors in practice enable the eco-social initiatives to support the transformation towards an eco-welfare state. Our findings identify key enabling factors for transformative capacity: social networks, collaboration and participation; knowledge, learning and monitoring; shared policy frameworks and visions; and financial resources. These factors are interrelated and can be brought to bear in no particular sequence. The results offer valuable insights into how welfare state characteristics with democratically governed public actors may facilitate transformation.
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    Experiencing emergency services as a PhD student during the pandemic: an autoethnography of a holistic breakdown
    (Taylor & Francis, 2023-12-09) Renedo Illarregi, Erika; Department of Design; Department of Design
    This paper explores my first hand experience of illness during the first weeks of the pandemic, as a PhD student. Through an auto ethnographic lens, I narrate events which occurred during the month of March 2020. My memories, and their interpretation, continued to transform in the subsequent months, coinciding with the analysis of an earlier set of participants data and writing of the thesis. This paper draws upon such experiences to raise methodological and existential questions in relation to design research and healthcare. The short paper is structured in two parts; the first describes a few memory fragments to help the reader connect with that initial experience, whilst the second discusses the methodological and existential implications alongside a personal reflection, as an invitation for further dialogue within our research community.
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    Ensuring Ecosystem Service Provision of Urban Water Nature-Based Solutions in Infill Areas: Comparing Green Factor for Districts and SWMM Modeling in Scenario Assessment
    (Springer Science + Business Media, 2023-12) Lähde, Elisa; Dahlberg, Niklas; Piirainen, Paula; Rehunen, Antti; Department of Architecture; Finnish Environment Institute; Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment
    This study aims to explore the measurement of potential synergies between water management objectives and other ecosystem services generated by Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in the context of urban planning. The research also investigates the comparative benefits of two analytical methods, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and green area factor for districts (GAFD). The study employs Malmi district in Helsinki, Finland, as a case study, examining five distinct NBS scenarios with varying degrees of integration. The results affirm that NBS can indeed enhance ecosystem services provision and stormwater management. The comparative analysis of the two methods, reveals that scenarios with high green factors exhibit effective flood risk reduction, while those with low green factors struggle to manage water, emphasizing the importance of balancing green and built elements in urban planning for optimal flood risk reduction. Furthermore, the study underscores the advantages of the two methods: GAFD offers simplicity and lower expertise requirements, generating valuable insights into ecosystem services, while SWMM provides precise stormwater management data. The findings emphasize the significance of diverse NBS combinations that harness the multifunctional aspects of green infrastructure, highlighting the need for integrated urban planning. The utilization of GAFD analysis provides a comprehensive districtwide perspective in a flexible manner, thereby improving the comprehension of the interconnected nature of urban green spaces. Highlights: Nature-based solutions (NBS) support urban stormwater management in infill areas.Green Area Factor for Districts (GAFD) is a practical tool to compare NBS options.GAFD and SWMM modeling results on stormwaters are comparable for common rain events.NBS size, quality and diversity reduce peak flows and enhance ecosystem services.Assessment of scenarios with the GAFD tool helps to identify multiple benefits of NBS.
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    Perceptions and preferences of experienced security in mass urban events – What's technology got to do with it?
    (Elsevier Science Ltd., 2023-10-27) Vainio, Teija; Karppi, Ilari; Sankala, Iina; Department of Design; Tampere University
    Mass spectator events are part of contemporary urban life, and security issues are increasingly integral to them. Most of the related research has focused on security management and technological development. However, prior studies have shown that subjectively experienced security plays an elemental role in urban life. We present an explanatory study of 880 participants' perceptions and preferences of security and technology usage in spectator events in our online survey in December 2021. The context of the study was Finnish ice hockey games held in a new sports/multi-purpose arena. Results indicate that gender, age and familiarity impact the eventgoer's preferences and security experience. Experienced security is also found to be connected to the ease and flow of interaction with technology and urban space. We conclude with recommendations that recognise the complexity of event security in urban settings without compromising the needs of different spectator groups.