Applications of microsystems in small satellites

Abstract

The past decades have experienced radical changes in fabrication and mass production of electronic systems. Sub-micrometer technologies have led to highly integrated systems with even increasing complexity and functionality. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) were developed to support the progress in microelectronics by providing similar integration levels in sensors and actuators. Nowadays, microsystems have widely been adopted in consumer electronics, including many critical applications, avionics, and health care. Adoption of microsystems has allowed increases in both performance and functionalities. Space technology is on the verge of similar development. The advent of small satellites, driven by the need of cost reduction, has created a demand for miniature systems that would improve the performance of spacecraft and enable new missions. The miniaturization of space systems can have significant influence on space technology all the more so as major restriction is high launch cost per kilogram. Currently, microsystems for space are still in their infancy and only a few systems have been operated in space. Reliability concerns and the conservative nature of space technology are preventing microsystems from being routinely integrated in satellites. However, small satellites offer a well suited platform for the demonstration of such systems in space.

This thesis maps current situation of microsystem usage in space applications and pinpoints the most potential technologies for future usage. The work presents also analysis of factors restricting the wider usage of microsystems in space and propose strategies to tackle current problems. As the thesis work is located at the crossing point of two disciplines, an overview of both areas is given to help readers who might have background only from one area.