A Hierarchical Optimization Model of Left Ventricular Ejection

Abstract

A hierarchical optimization model for predicting left ventricular stroke volume, root aortic pressure and flow curves, and ejection time was developed. The optimality criteria of the model are based on the assumption of energy cost economy of ventricular function. The forces developed during ejection and ventricular efficiency are also taken into account in the cost functions developed. Model predictions for changes in arterial load were shown to be in accordance with measurements made in an isolated canine heart preparation when contractility, end-diastolic volume, and heart rate were kept constant. Thus the analysis shows that left ventricular stroke volume and ejection pattern can be predicted by an optimization model.