[article-cris] Kauppakorkeakoulu / BIZ

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  • Longitudinal research projects with societal interaction : what can we learn from studying the dynamics of IB phenomena?
    (2024-11-22) Kähäri, Perttu
    A3 Kirjan tai muun kokoomateoksen osa
    This chapter introduces the major contribution by Reijo Luostarinen which was triggered by his work for the doctoral thesis. What started as the collection of a single dataset to investigate the internationalization of Finnish firms, evolved into a programme under the heading of FIBO, Finland’s International Business Operations. FIBO eventually covered multiple perspectives on firm internationalization, both inward and outward, and spanned three decades. This chapter introduces the FIBO project and its databases, and also provides two examples of how the databases have subsequently been used to carry out longitudinal research. I will discuss how the databases might serve the purpose of longitudinal research designs, and what we can learn from Reijo’s approach to studying the dynamics of IB phenomena.
  • Exploring the mediating role of cross-cultural adjustment in international student satisfaction
    (2024-01) Lu, Wei; Tamayo-Verleene, Kristine; Søderberg, Anne Marie; Puffer, Sheila; Meschke, Stephan
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Studies on international student satisfaction have typically examined external factors, such as quality of education, university services and learning facilities as its predictors. In contrast, research is limited regarding how international students may foster their positive experience through actively applying social and cultural skills into their adjustment during cultural transition in the host country. The current study extends prior research by examining the role of cross-cultural adjustment in engendering overall satisfaction of international students. Multiple regression analyses and mediation analyses were conducted with a sample of 1183 international students from 10 universities in five European countries and the USA. The findings show that English language proficiency, host country language proficiency and intercultural competence do not have a direct impact on student satisfaction; however, cultural adjustment fully mediates the effect of these three predictor variables on student satisfaction. Additionally, social support not only has a direct effect, but also an indirect effect on student satisfaction via cultural adjustment. We contribute to existing literature by uncovering the underlying mechanism for international students to achieve overall satisfaction through the pathways of language and cultural competence acquisition-application-satisfaction. The study provides valuable insights for higher education institutions and policymakers of host countries on enhancing international student satisfaction. Universities can improve the learning experience by implementing peer learning and group learning methods that encourage students from diverse cultural backgrounds to collaborate. This approach promotes a more inclusive and enriched educational environment. Moreover, offering international students more opportunities to engage in cultural and social events within local communities, as well as internships with companies and organizations, can significantly enhance their overall satisfaction experience.
  • Reijo Luostarinen’s legacy: a personal perspective from outside academia
    (2024-11-22) Kosonen, Mikko
    A3 Kirjan tai muun kokoomateoksen osa
    In this commentary, I share Reijo’s passion for phenomenon-driven research with strong relevance to policy and practice. I was Reijo’s first PhD student to graduate, and I did my thesis on a part-time basis because I had a senior management position in Nokia at that time. The internationalization models that Reijo developed were tested and refined through a constant dialogue with practising managers. Several Finnish multinationals served as ‘living laboratories’ for his curious mind. Reijo also involved policymakers in large research projects on the internationalization of various sectors. Their membership of advisory boards ensured that his research findings had a direct channel to influence public policy in areas such as export promotion and globalization. In this chapter, I also comment on the legacy of Reijo’s work for the next generation of IB scholars.
  • Lateral rigidity and microfoundational perspectives in firm internationalization : revisiting Reijo Luostarinen’s insights
    (2024-11-22) Niittymies, Aleksi
    A3 Kirjan tai muun kokoomateoksen osa
    This chapter explores Reijo Luostarinen’s pioneering work on firm internationalization. It focuses on his use of the concept of ‘lateral rigidity’ to understand the role of behavioural constraints on decision-making processes in internationalization. It highlights two key insights from Luostarinen’s work on lateral rigidity that can push the contemporary conversation forward. First, it emphasizes the insights to be gained from his early adoption of a microfoundational perspective on firm internationalization. Second, the chapter explores Luostarinen’s ideas on the emotional elements in internationalization-related decision-making. Including the role of emotions provides a novel perspective on the drivers underlying internationalization decisions - one that would be considered an advanced view even by today’s standards. By reflecting on the continued relevance of Luostarinen’s work, this chapter contributes to the ongoing discussion on the role of individual-level factors in firm internationalization and provides a renewed appreciation of his enduring contributions to the field.
  • The role of foreign-born employees in inward–outward internationalization of SMEs: an organizational capacity perspective
    (2024-11-22) Niskavaara, Johanna
    A3 Kirjan tai muun kokoomateoksen osa
    This chapter draws on the work of Reijo Luostarinen and his co-authors to reintroduce the concepts of inward-outward internationalization and organizational capacity within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises. Luostarinen’s approach to firm internationalization was holistic, taking into account both inward and outward operations as well as their interconnectedness. He also drew attention to the internal changes that take place in a firm as it internationalizes. A crucial element of a firm’s organizational capacity is its personnel, their skills, and knowledge related to internationalization. By exploring the potential contributions of foreign-born employees this study proposes a contemporary perspective on inward-outward connections in firm internationalization and on the development of organizational capacity. Foreign-born employees are conceptualized as a form of inward internationalization because their ‘imported’ resources have the potential to enhance a firm’s organizational capacity for internationalizing in an outward direction.
  • Fifty years of killing and letting die : On the limits of philosophical bioethics
    (2024-09-24) Räsänen, Joona; Häyry, Matti
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    In 1975, The New England Journal of Medicine published James Rachels' article ‘Active and Passive Euthanasia’. The argumentative method that Rachels introduced, the Bare Difference Argument (also known as the Contrast Strategy), became one of the most widely used tools in ethical reasoning. The argument, however, fails to show active euthanasia being morally permissible. It fails because Rachels takes the intuitions from the case where letting die is morally impermissible and applies the intuitions to cases where letting die is morally permissible. While it is possible to create thought-experiments that are more analogous to euthanasia, in this respect, than Rachels' cases, they too are disanalogous to euthanasia with some of the relevant features. Creating the perfect analogy, however, would be a mistake too. Such a case would be too analogous; people would simply be divided on what kind of moral intuitions they would have. The problem thus highlights a methodological limit in philosophical bioethics and raises questions related to the roles of philosophical ethicists in the context of assisted dying.
  • Introducing the Helsinki Model of the internationalization processes of the firm
    (2024-11-22) Piekkari, Rebecca; Welch, Catherine
    Foreword / postscript
    In this introductory chapter we explain the purpose of the book: to introduce the Helsinki Model of the internationalization processes of the firm to the field of International Business. The Model originates from the PhD thesis of Reijo Luostarinen, a reprint of which forms Part I of this book. The thesis was compulsory reading for master’s and PhD students in many Nordic business schools for many years, but was never made available to a wider audience - until now. In this chapter, we explain the origins and major influences on the Model. We identify its distinctive features and the process by which it was developed, providing the Model with enduring relevance. We conclude the chapter with an overview of the commentaries on Reijo’s work that form an important part of the book, and set out an agenda for future research on internationalization processes of the firm.
  • Complementary bidding and cartel detection : Evidence from Nordic asphalt markets
    (2025-01) Aaltio, Aapo; Buri, Riku; Jokelainen, Antto; Lundberg, Johan
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    A key challenge in cartel enforcement is identifying collusive agreements. We study two major Nordic procurement cartels that operated in the asphalt paving market. We find evidence that during the cartel period bids were clustered and the winning bid was isolated. We implement two cartel detection methods that exploit variation in the distribution of bids. The method developed by Clark et al. (forthcoming) correctly rejects competitive bidding for the cartel period in both markets. The method suggested by Huber and Imhof (2019) achieves a high prediction rate in one of the markets but not in the market where the cartel had a more modest impact on bid distribution. Our results suggest that statistical screening methods with low data requirements can be useful for competition authorities in detecting collusive agreements.
  • 'They absolutely don't want you to progress here' : The academic careers of Jewish students were interrupted in Finland by the antisemitism of the 1930s
    (2024) Skurnik, Samuli; Skurnik, Mikael
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Fascism and Nazi ideology cast a threatening shadow over Finland during its troubled 1930s. This manifested as antisemitism towards the few Jewish students pursuing higher degrees at Finnish universities. One glaring instance of discrimination involved our father, Leo Skurnik, whose advancement in his academic career was blocked at the Helsinki University Department of Medical Chemistry in the late 1930s. In this treatise, we aim to delve deeper into the challenges he faced and how they were intertwined with the antisemitic sentiments prevailing at that time.
  • Leveling the Playing Field? Effects of Hybrid Work on the Psychological Safety of Minority Groups
    (2025-01-07) Back, Hilla; Back, Philipp; Kriuchkov, Iaroslav
    A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    Psychological safety has been shown to be a vital component of team performance and well-being. It describes the shared belief that a team is safe for interpersonal risk-taking, thus encouraging the voicing of new ideas, collaboration, and experimentation. Today’s teams are increasingly diverse in terms of social identity characteristics as well as work arrangements (on-site versus hybrid/virtual) – aspects that previous research has largely overlooked. Through a quantitative study at a Finnish university (N = 832), we investigate the impact of hybrid work on the psychological safety of minority groups. We find that racial minorities, women, and language minorities experience higher psychological safety in hybrid work (vs. on-site), while employees with sensory disabilities experience lower levels. Thus, this study offers partial support for the equalization effect of computer-mediated technologies and emphasizes the need for tailored diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives that consider the individual needs of different minority groups.
  • When the discourse of strategy meets the discourse of spirituality : A study of the recontextualization of strategy discourse in a Church organization
    (2024-11-21) Pälli, Pekka; Lehtinen, Esa
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    A well-established body of research in organizational studies shows how business-oriented strategy discourse has spread to different organizations and to society at large. Drawing insights from this research, we in this paper study how strategy discourse intertwines with the spiritual and religious discourse in a specific case of a Finnish Church organization. The interdiscursive analysis focuses on the Church's formal strategy text, employees' written reflections regarding the implementation of the strategy, and one-on-one leadership conversations where the manager-employee dyads discussed these texts. Thus, the data set makes a rare case of an intertextual chain of text and talk through which strategy discourse was recontextualized from the field of strategic management to a religious realm. Our analysis specifically highlights how both the organization of textual practices and the conversational practices — and their orchestration — contribute to the transfer and transformation, i.e., recontextualization of strategy discourse.
  • Intergenerational Spillovers of Integration Policies: Evidence from Finland's Integration Plans
    (2024-09-16) Pesola, Hanna; Sarvimäki, Matti
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
  • Weaving a Transformative Circular Textile Policy Through a Socio-Environmental Justice Lens
    (2024-09-24) Suarez-Visbal, Lis J.; Calisto Friant, Martin; Härri, Anna; Vermeyen, Veerle; Hendriks, Abe; Corona Bellostas, Blanca; Rosales Carreon, Jesus
    A3 Kirjan tai muun kokoomateoksen osa
  • The Unthinkable Conclusion : Derek Parfit’s Budding Antinatalism
    (2024-10-30) Häyry, Matti
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Derek Parfit famously opined that causing a person to exist with a life barely worth living can be wrong, although it is not wrong for that person. This conundrum is known as the nonidentity problem. Parfit also held that persons can, in a morally relevant sense, be caused to exist in the distant future by actions that make the agent a necessary condition for a person’s existence. When these views are combined, which he did, and applied explicitly to persons with a life not worth living, which he did not, an interesting conditional conclusion can be drawn. If every family line eventually produces a person with a life not worth living, and if causing that person to exist cannot be justified by the benefits befalling others in the family line, it is always wrong to have children. Parfit did not draw this antinatalist conclusion, but an analysis of his introduction of the nonidentity problem shows that he could have. Since Parfit’s other views on population ethics continue to be discussed with relative respect, it stands to reason that the antinatalist position should be no exception. Right or wrong, it has its legitimate place in considerations concerning the future of reproduction.
  • Effect of secondary education on cognitive and non-cognitive skills
    (2024-12) Ollikainen, Jani Petteri; Pekkarinen, Tuomas; Uusitalo, Roope; Virtanen, Hanna
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    We examine the effects of secondary education on cognitive and non-cognitive skills using admission cutoffs to general secondary schools. We measure these skills using the Finnish Defence Forces Basic Skills Test, which, due to compulsory military service, covers the vast majority of Finnish men and serves as a strong predictor of later labor market success. We find that the large differences in the average skills across men that differ in their schooling when entering military service are due to selection rather than causal effects of secondary education on either cognitive or non-cognitive skills.
  • De förbisedda och nedtystade – om djurs aktörskap och människo-djurrelationer inom organisationsforskningen
    (2024) Huopalainen, Astrid
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
  • Long-run Asset Returns
    (2024-11-01) Chambers, David; Dimson, Elroy; Ilmanen, Antti; Rintamäki, Paul
    A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The literature on long-run asset returns has continued to grow steadily, particularly since the start of the new millennium. We survey this expanding body of evidence on historical return premia across the major asset classes – stocks, bonds, and real assets – over the very long-run. In addition, we discuss the benefits and pitfalls of these long-run datasets and make suggestions on best practice in compiling and using such data. We report the magnitude of these risk premia over the current and previous two centuries, and we compare estimates from alternative data compilers. We conclude by proposing some promising directions for future research.
  • Moral wiggle room and group favoritism among political partisans
    (2024-10-01) Robbett, Andrea; Walsh, Henry; Matthews, Peter Hans
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    How does the availability of excuses for self-interested behavior impact group favoritism? We report the results of a preregistered experiment, conducted on the eve of the 2022 midterm elections, in which American political partisans made payoff distribution choices for themselves and a partner who was known to be a co-partisan or opposing partisan. Under full information, participants exhibit significant group favoritism. However, when the payoff consequences for one’s partner are initially hidden, participants exploit this excuse to act selfishly regardless of who their partner is and ignorance rates are identical for in-group and out-group members. As a result, moral wiggle room has a significantly larger impact on selfish behavior for those interacting with co-partisans than opposing partisans, leading to a reduction in group favoritism.
  • What are the priorities of bureaucrats? Evidence from conjoint experiments with procurement officials
    (2024-11) Tukiainen, Janne; Blesse, Sebastian; Bohne, Albrecht; Giuffrida, Leonardo M.; Jääskeläinen, Jan; Luukinen, Ari; Sieppi, Antti
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    While effective bureaucracy is crucial for state capacity, its decision-making remains a black box. We elicit preferences of 900+ real-world public procurement officials in Finland and Germany. This is an important pursuit as they report having sizeable discretion and minimal extrinsic incentives. Through conjoint experiments, we identify the relative importance of multiple features of procurement outcomes. Officials prioritize avoiding unexpectedly high prices over seeking low prices. Avoiding winners with prior bad performance is the most important feature. Officials avoid very low competition, while litigation risks and regional favoritism matter less. Preferences and office interests appear well-aligned among bureaucrats.
  • Nonstandard Errors
    (2024-06) Menkveld, Albert J.; Dreber, Anna; Holzmeister, Felix; Huber, Juergen; Johannesson, Magnus; Kirchler, Michael; Neusüß, Sebastian; Razen, Michael; Weitzel, Utz; Abad-Díaz, David; Abudy, Menachem; Adrian, Tobias; Ait-Sahalia, Yacine; Akmansoy, Olivier; Alcock, Jamie T.; Alexeev, Vitali; Aloosh, Arash; Amato, Livia; Amaya, Diego; Angel, James J.; Chen, Jian; Duevski, Teodor; Jylhä, Petri; Kaustia, Markku; Li, Yijie; Lof, Matthijs; Rinne, Kalle; Rintamäki, Paul; Tran, Hai; Yu, Wenjia; Zhang, Xiaoyu
    A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty—nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.