[article-cris] Perustieteiden korkeakoulu / SCI

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Impact of minimum viable product on software ecosystem failure
(2025-02) Saarni, Kati; Kauppinen, Marjo; Männistö, Tomi
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Context: Companies are interested in building successful value-producing ecosystems together to offer end users a broader digital service offering and better meet customer needs. However, most ecosystems fail in the early years. Objective: We investigated one small software ecosystem from the planning phase to the operative phase, where the participating companies left one by one because the software ecosystem was unsuccessful, and the software ecosystem ended after four operative years. The software ecosystem provided a digital service offering based on the defined MVP (Minimum Viable Product). That is why we were interested in understanding the MVP's impact on the ecosystem's failure. Method: We conducted a case study, the results of which are based on the semi-structured interviews of eight representatives of the software ecosystem. Results: This study showed that the actors prioritized out functionalities from the MVP, and the MVP was no longer based on the defined value proposition, target customer groups, and customer paths. It was then difficult for the actors to achieve their objectives. The companies’ commitment depended on the set objectives, and when the objectives were not achieved, the actors left the ecosystem, and the software ecosystem failed. Conclusion: The results show that the MVP can significantly affect the failure of the small software ecosystem, where all actors have a keystone role. The MVP largely defines what kind of digital service offering the software ecosystem provides and whether the actors can achieve the objectives, especially their sales goals. Thus, prioritizing the functionalities of the MVP is a critical activity.
Electric Field Control Of Moiré Skyrmion Phases in Twisted Multiferroic NiI2 Bilayers
(2024-12-11) Vieira de Castro Martins Antao, Tiago; Lado, Jose; Otero Fumega, Adolfo
Letter
Twisted magnetic van der Waals materials provide a flexible platform to engineer unconventional magnetism. Here we demonstrate the emergence of electrically tunable topological moiré magnetism in twisted bilayers of the spin-spiral multiferroic NiI2. We establish a rich phase diagram featuring uniform spiral phases, a variety of kπ-skyrmion lattices, and nematic spin textures ordered at the moiré scale. The emergence of these phases is driven by the local stacking and the resulting moiré modulated frustration. Notably, when the spin-spiral wavelength is commensurate with the moiré length scale by an integer k, multiwalled skyrmions become pinned to the moiré pattern. We show that the strong magnetoelectric coupling displayed by the moiré multiferroic allows electric control of the kπ-skyrmion lattices by an out-of-plane electric field. Our results establish a highly tunable platform for skyrmionics based on twisted van der Waals multiferroics, potentially enabling a new generation of ultrathin topologically protected spintronic devices.
Euclid preparation. LV. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the Simulated Euclid Wide Survey
(2025-01) Böhringer, H.; Chon, G.; Cucciati, O.; Dannerbauer, H.; Bolzonella, M.; De Lucia, G.; Cappi, A.; Moscardini, L.; Giocoli, C.; Castignani, G.; Hatch, N. A.; Andreon, S.; Bañados, E.; Ettori, S.; Fontanot, F.; Gully, H.; Hirschmann, M.; Maturi, M.; Mei, S.; Pozzetti, L.; Schlenker, T.; Spinelli, M.; Aghanim, N.; Altieri, B.; Auricchio, N.; Baccigalupi, C.; Baldi, M.; Bardelli, S.; Bodendorf, C.; Bonino, D.; Branchini, E.; Brescia, M.; Brinchmann, J.; Camera, S.; Capobianco, V.; Carbone, C.; Carretero, J.; Casas, S.; Castander, F. J.; Castellano, M.; Cavuoti, S.; Cimatti, A.; Niemi, S. M.; Sánchez, A. G.; Schneider, P.; Wang, Y.; Calabrese, M.; Gozaliasl, G.; Hall, A.; Hjorth, J.; , Euclid Collaboration
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Galaxy proto-clusters are receiving increased interest since most of the processes shaping the structure of clusters of galaxies and their galaxy population happen at the early stages of their formation. The Euclid Survey will provide a unique opportunity to discover a large number of proto-clusters over a large fraction of the sky (14 500 deg2). In this paper, we explore the expected observational properties of proto-clusters in the Euclid Wide Survey by means of theoretical models and simulations. We provide an overview of the predicted proto-cluster extent, galaxy density profiles, mass-richness relations, abundance, and sky-filling as a function of redshift. Useful analytical approximations for the functions of these properties are provided. The focus is on the redshift range z = 1.5-4. In particular we discuss the density contrast with which proto-clusters can be observed against the background in the galaxy distribution if photometric galaxy redshifts are used as supplied by the ESA Euclid mission together with the ground-based photometric surveys. We show that the obtainable detection significance is sufficient to find large numbers of interesting proto-cluster candidates. For quantitative studies, additional spectroscopic follow-up is required to confirm the proto-clusters and establish their richness.
Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptor Agonist, JWH133 May Be a Possible Candidate for Targeting Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in COVID-19
(2021-09) Jha, Niraj Kumar; Sharma, Charu; Meeran, Mohamed Fizur Nagoor; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Dwivedi, Vivek Dhar; Gupta, Piyush Kumar; Dey, Abhijit; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Ojha, Shreesh
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a deadly disease affecting millions due to the non-availability of drugs and vaccines. The majority of COVID-19 drugs have been repurposed based on antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antibiotic potential. The pathogenesis and advanced complications with infection involve the immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy could reduce infectivity, inflammation, and immune modulation. In recent years, modulating the endocannabinoid system, particularly activation of the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor is a promising therapeutic target for modulation of immune-inflammatory responses. JWH133, a selective, full functional agonist of the CB2 receptor, has been extensively studied for its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. JWH133 modulates numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. In this study, we propose that JWH133 could be a promising candidate for targeting infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19, due to its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms in numerous preclinical efficacy and safety studies, along with its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, organoprotective, and antiviral properties. Thus, JWH133 should be investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential as an agent or adjuvant with other agents for its effect on viremia, infectivity, immune modulation, resolution of inflammation, reduction in severity, and progression of complications in COVID-19. JWH133 is devoid of psychotropic effects due to CB2 receptor selectivity, has negligible toxicity, good bioavailability and druggable properties, including pharmacokinetic and physicochemical effects. We believe that JWH133 could be a promising drug and may inspire further studies for an evidence-based approach against COVID-19.
Probing the Immune System Dynamics of the COVID-19 Disease for Vaccine Designing and Drug Repurposing Using Bioinformatics Tools
(2022-06) Yadav, Deepshikha; Agarwal, Shriya; Pancham, Pranav; Jindal, Divya; Agarwal, Vinayak; Dubey, Premshankar Kumar; Jha, Saurabh K.; Mani, Shalini; Rachana; Dey, Abhijit; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Singh, Manisha
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is complicated by immune dysfunction. The impact of immune-based therapy in COVID-19 patients has been well documented, with some notable studies on the use of anti-cytokine medicines. However, the complexity of disease phenotypes, patient heterogeneity and the varying quality of evidence from immunotherapy studies provide problems in clinical decision-making. This review seeks to aid therapeutic decision-making by giving an overview of the immunological responses against COVID-19 disease that may contribute to the severity of the disease. We have extensively discussed theranostic methods for COVID-19 detection. With advancements in technology, bioinformatics has taken studies to a higher level. The paper also discusses the application of bioinformatics and machine learning tools for the diagnosis, vaccine design and drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2.
The evolution of the radio luminosity function of group galaxies in COSMOS
(2025-01-01) Vardoulaki, E.; Gozaliasl, G.; Finoguenov, A.; Novak, M.; Khosroshahi, H. G.
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
To understand the role of the galaxy group environment on galaxy evolution, we present a study of radio luminosity functions (RLFs) of group galaxies based on the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project. The radio-selected sample of 7826 COSMOS galaxies with robust optical and near-infrared counterparts, excellent photometric coverage, and the COSMOS X-ray galaxy groups (M200c > 1013.5 M⊙) enables us to construct the RLFs of group galaxies (GGs) and their contribution to the total RLF since z ∼ 2.3. Using the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, we fitted a redshift-dependent pure luminosity evolution model and a linear and power-law model to the luminosity functions. We compared it with past RLF studies from VLA-COSMOS on individual populations of radio-selected star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN). These populations are classified based on the presence or absence of a radio excess concerning the star formation rates derived from the infrared emission. We find that the density of radio galaxies in groups is low compared to the field at z ∼ 2 down to z ∼ 1.25, followed by a sharp increase at z ∼ 1 by a factor of six, and then a smooth decline towards low redshifts. This trend is caused by both a decrease in the volume abundance of massive groups at high-z and the changes in the halo occupation of radio AGN, which are found by other studies to reside at smaller halo mass groups. This indicates that the bulk of high-z log10(M200c/M⊙) > 13.5 groups must have formed recently, and so the cooling has not been established yet. The slope of the GG RLF is flatter compared to the field, with excess at high radio luminosities. The evolution in the GG RLF is driven mainly by satellite galaxies in groups. At z ∼ 1, the peak in the RLF, coinciding with a known overdensity in COSMOS, is mainly driven by AGN, while at z > 1 SFGs dominate the RLF of group galaxies. A drop in the occurrence of AGN in groups at z > 1 by a factor of six results in an important detail for the processes governing galaxy evolution.
Characteristics of ChatGPT users from Germany : Implications for the digital divide from web tracking data
(2025-01) Kacperski, Celina; Ulloa, Roberto; Bonnay, Denis; Kulshrestha, Juhi; Selb, Peter; Spitz, Andreas
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
A major challenge of our time is reducing disparities in access to and effective use of digital technologies, with recent discussions highlighting the role of AI in exacerbating the digital divide. We examine user characteristics that predict usage of the AI-powered conversational agent ChatGPT. We combine behavioral and survey data in a web tracked sample of N = 1376 German citizens to investigate differences in ChatGPT activity (usage, visits, and adoption) during the first 11 months from the launch of the service (November 30, 2022). Guided by a model of technology acceptance (UTAUT-2), we examine the role of sociodemographics commonly associated with the digital divide in ChatGPT activity and explore further socio-political attributes identified via stability selection in Lasso regressions. We confirm that lower age and higher education affect ChatGPT usage, but do not find that gender or income do. We find full-time employment and more children to be barriers to ChatGPT activity. Using a variety of social media was positively associated with ChatGPT activity. In terms of political variables, political knowledge and political self-efficacy as well as some political behaviors such as voting, debating political issues online and offline and political action online were all associated with ChatGPT activity, with online political debating and political self-efficacy negatively so. Finally, need for cognition and communication skills such as writing, attending meetings, or giving presentations, were also associated with ChatGPT engagement, though chairing/organizing meetings was negatively associated. Our research informs efforts to address digital disparities and promote digital literacy among underserved populations by presenting implications, recommendations, and discussions on ethical and social issues of our findings.
Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccine-Induced Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in Humans
(2021-12) Goyal, Keshav; Goel, Harsh; Baranwal, Pritika; Tewary, Anisha; Dixit, Aman; Pandey, Avanish Kumar; Benjamin, Mercilena; Tanwar, Pranay; Dey, Abhijit; Khan, Fahad; Pandey, Pratibha; Gupta, Piyush Kumar; Kumar, Dhruv; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The SARS-CoV-2 infection spread rapidly throughout the world and appears to involve in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. SARS-CoV-2 is attached to host cells via binding to the viral spike (S) proteins and its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Consequently, the S protein is primed with serine proteases TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, which facilitate the fusion of viral and cellular membranes result in the entry of viral RNA into the host cell. Vaccines are urgently required to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and aid in the recovery to pre-pandemic levels of normality. The long-term protective immunity is provided by the vaccine antigen (or pathogen)-specific immune effectors and the activation of immune memory cells that can be efficiently and rapidly reactivated upon pathogen exposure. Research efforts aimed towards the design and development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are increasing. Numerous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have passed late-stage clinical investigations with promising outcomes. This review focuses on the present state and future prospects of COVID-19 vaccines research and development, with a particular emphasis on immunological mechanisms of various COVID-19vaccines such as adenoviral vector-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and DNA vaccines that elicits immunological responses against SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans.
Clumps as multiscale structures in cosmic noon galaxies
(2025-01) Kalita, Boris S.; Suzuki, Tomoko L.; Kashino, Daichi; Silverman, John D.; Daddi, Emanuele; Ho, Luis C.; Ding, Xuheng; Mercier, Wilfried; Faisst, Andreas L.; Sheth, Kartik; Valentino, Francesco; Puglisi, Annagrazia; Saito, Toshiki; Kakkad, Darshan; Ilbert, Olivier; Khostovan, Ali Ahmad; Liu, Zhaoxuan; Tanaka, Takumi; Magdis, Georgios; Zavala, Jorge A.; Tan, Qinghua; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Yang, Lilan; Koekemoer, Anton M.; McKinney, Jed; Robertson, Brant E.; Jin, Shuowen; Hayward, Christopher C.; Hirschmann, Michaela; Franco, Maximilien; Shuntov, Marko; Gozaliasl, Ghassem; Kaminsky, Aidan; Rich, R. Michael
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Star-forming clumps have been found to significantly influence the star formation of gas-rich z > 1 galaxies. Using public data from JWST/NIRCam (Cosmic Evolution Survey; COSMOS-Web) and Atacama Large (sub-)Millimeter Array (ALMA; Fiber-Multi Object Spectrograph or FMOS-COSMOS survey), we study a sample of 32 massive (> 1010.5 M) main-sequence galaxies at zspec ∼ 1.5 with ∼ 0.3 kpc resolution. We create composite morphological models consisting of bulge, disc, and clumps to fully ‘deconstruct’ the galaxy images. With the resulting measurements of the flux and size of these components, we find the following: (i) the combined contribution of clumps is 1–30 per cent towards the net star formation of the host while contributing 1–20 per cent to its stellar mass. The clumps show a correlation between their stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR), but have an increased specific SFR relative to the star formation main-sequence, with offsets ranging from 0 log sSFR 0.4. They feature star formation surface densities of 10−2 − 102 M yr−1 kpc−2 , consistent with values observed in both local star-forming and starburst galaxies. (ii) The detected clumps span a large range of characteristic sizes (re ∼ 0.1 − 1 kpc) and stellar masses (∼ 108.0−9.5 M). We estimate a mass–size relation (re ∝ M 0.52±0.07 ) along with a stellar mass function (slope, α = −1.85 ± 0.19), both suggesting a hierarchical nature similar to that expected in star-forming regions in local galaxies. (iii) Our measurements agree with the properties of stellar clumps in z 1 lensed systems, bridging the gap between lensed and unlensed studies by detecting structures at sub-kpc scales. (iv) Clumps are found to be preferentially located along spiral features visible primarily in the residual rest frame near-IR images. In conclusion, we present an observation-based, coherent picture of star-forming clumps in galaxies at z > 1
Postdoc publications and citations link to academic retention and faculty success
(2025-01-28) Duan, Yueran; Memon, Shahan Ali; AlShebli, Bedoor; Guan, Qing; Holme, Petter; Rahwan, Talal
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Postdoctoral training is a career stage often described as a demanding and anxiety-laden time when many promising PhDs see their academic dreams slip away due to circumstances beyond their control. We use a unique dataset of academic publishing and careers to chart the more or less successful postdoctoral paths. We build a measure of academic success on the citation patterns two to five years into a faculty career. Then, we monitor how students’ postdoc positions—in terms of relocation, change of topic, and early well-cited papers—relate to their early-career success. One key finding is that the postdoc period seems more important than the doctoral training to achieve this form of success. This is especially interesting in light of the many studies of academic faculty hiring that link Ph.D. granting institutions and hires, omitting the postdoc stage. Another group of findings can be summarized as a Goldilocks principle: It seems beneficial to change one’s direction, but not too much.
Day-Ahead and Reserve Prices in a Renewable-Based Power System: Adapting Electricity-Market Design for Energy Storage
(2025-02-05) Deman, Laureen; Siddiqui, Afzal; Clastres, Cédric; Boucher, Quentin
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Decarbonizing the power mix will require investments in storage and flexibility options to replace the current carbon-intensive supply of reserves. This paper questions whether reserve-capacity markets can serve as a capacity mechanism for flexible technologies. A fundamental model of the day-ahead and reserve markets is used to investigate the evolution of reserve prices with large shares of renewable energy and storage. The model represents the current market design in Continental Europe with a centralized supply and platforms for the exchange of reserves. By becoming the main suppliers of reserve capacity, batteries have a noticeable impact on reserve prices. Their flexibility implies zero opportunity cost most of the time, meaning that the flexibility is not rewarded by the market. These results suggest that reserve-capacity markets cannot provide additional remuneration for flexible technologies and, thus, do not solve the missing-money problem in the context of the energy transition.
Matrix-weighted Besov-type and Triebel–Lizorkin-type spaces I : Ap-dimensions of matrix weights and φ-transform characterizations
(2025-01-03) Bu, Fan; Hytönen, Tuomas; Yang, Dachun; Yuan, Wen
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Let s∈R, q∈(0,∞], and τ∈[0,∞). It is well known that Besov-type spaces B˙p,qs,τ with p∈(0,∞] and Triebel–Lizorkin-type spaces F˙p,qs,τ with p∈(0,∞) when τ∈[0,∞) or with p∈(0,∞] when τ=0 on Rn consist of a general family of function spaces that cover not only the well-known Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces B˙p,qs and F˙p,qs (when τ=0) but also several other function spaces of interest, such as Morrey spaces and Q spaces. In three successive articles, the authors develop a complete real-variable theory of matrix-weighted Besov-type spaces B˙p,qs,τ(W) and matrix-weighted Triebel–Lizorkin-type spaces F˙p,qs,τ(W) on Rn, where W is a matrix-valued Muckenhoupt Ap weight. This article is the first one, whose main novelty exists in that the authors introduce the new concept, Ap-dimensions of matrix weights, and intensively study their properties, especially those elaborate properties expressed via reducing operators. The authors then introduce the spaces B˙p,qs,τ(W) and F˙p,qs,τ(W) and, using Ap-dimensions and their nice properties, the authors establish the φ-transform characterization of B˙p,qs,τ(W) and F˙p,qs,τ(W). The Ap-dimensions of matrix weights and their properties also enable the authors to obtain the sharp boundedness of almost diagonal operators on related sequence spaces in the subsequent second article and the optimal characterizations of molecules and wavelets, trace theorems, and the optimal boundedness of pseudo-differential operators and Calderón–Zygmund operators in the subsequent third article.
Euclid preparation. LIV. Sensitivity to neutrino parameters
(2025-01) Archidiacono, M.; Lesgourgues, J.; Casas, S.; Pamuk, S.; Schöneberg, N.; Sakr, Z.; Parimbelli, G.; Schneider, A.; Hervas Peters, F.; Pace, F.; Sabarish, V. M.; Costanzi, M.; Camera, S.; Carbone, C.; Clesse, S.; Frusciante, N.; Fumagalli, A.; Monaco, P.; Scott, D.; Viel, M.; Amara, A.; Andreon, S.; Auricchio, N.; Baldi, M.; Bardelli, S.; Bodendorf, C.; Bonino, D.; Branchini, E.; Brescia, M.; Brinchmann, J.; Capobianco, V.; Cardone, V. F.; Carretero, J.; Castellano, M.; Cavuoti, S.; Cimatti, A.; Congedo, G.; Conselice, C. J.; Conversi, L.; Copin, Y.; Courbin, F.; Courtois, H. M.; Da Silva, A.; Niemi, S. M.; Schneider, P.; Wang, Y.; Calabrese, M.; Gozaliasl, G.; Hall, A.; Sánchez, A. G.; , Euclid Collaboration
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Context. The Euclid mission of the European Space Agency will deliver weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering surveys that can be used to constrain the standard cosmological model and extensions thereof. Aims. We present forecasts from the combination of the Euclid photometric galaxy surveys (weak lensing, galaxy clustering, and their cross-correlations) and its spectroscopic redshift survey with respect to their sensitivity to cosmological parameters. We include the summed neutrino mass, Σmν, and the effective number of relativistic species, Neff, in the standard Λ CDM scenario and in the dynamical dark energy (w0waCDM) scenario. Methods. We compared the accuracy of different algorithms predicting the non-linear matter power spectrum for such models. We then validated several pipelines for Fisher matrix and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) forecasts, using different theory codes, algorithms for numerical derivatives, and assumptions on the non-linear cut-off scale. Results. The Euclid primary probes alone will reach a sensitivity of σ (Σmν = 60 meV) = 56 meV in the Λ CDM+Σmν model, whereas the combination with cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from Planck is expected to achieve σ (Σmν) = 23 meV, offering evidence of a non-zero neutrino mass to at least the 2.6 σ level. This could be pushed to a 4 σ detection if future CMB data from LiteBIRD and CMB Stage-IV were included. In combination with Planck, Euclid will also deliver tight constraints on Δ Neff < 0.144 (95%CL) in the Λ CDM+Σmν+Neff model or even Δ Neff < 0.063 when future CMB data are included. When floating the dark energy parameters, we find that the sensitivity to Neff remains stable, but for Σmν, it gets degraded by up to a factor of 2, at most. Conclusions. This work illustrates the complementarity among the Euclid spectroscopic and photometric surveys and among Euclid and CMB constraints. Euclid will offer great potential in measuring the neutrino mass and excluding well-motivated scenarios with additional relativistic particles.
Current Understanding of Novel Coronavirus : Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches
(2021-03) Jha, Niraj Kumar; Jeyaraman, Madhan; Rachamalla, Mahesh; Ojha, Shreesh; Dua, Kamal; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Muthu, Sathish; Sharma, Ankur; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Jain, Rashmi; Jeyaraman, Naveen; GS, Prajwal; Satyam, Rohit; Khan, Fahad; Pandey, Pratibha; Verma, Nitin; Singh, Sandeep Kumar; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Dholpuria, Sunny; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
An outbreak of “Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology” occurred in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. Later, the agent factor was identified and coined as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a shorter period, this newly emergent infection brought the world to a standstill. On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Researchers across the globe have joined their hands to investigate SARS-CoV-2 in terms of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and deduce therapeutics to subjugate this infection. The researchers and scholars practicing different arts of medicine are on an extensive quest to come up with safer ways to curb the pathological implications of this viral infection. A huge number of clinical trials are underway from the branch of allopathy and naturopathy. Besides, a paradigm shift on cellular therapy and nano-medicine protocols has to be optimized for better clinical and functional outcomes of COVID-19-affected individuals. This article unveils a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis mode of spread, and various treatment modalities to combat COVID-19 disease.
Unravelling the potential role of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanosystems in skin cancer therapy
(2024-11-11) Kumar, Ajeet; Sachi Das, Sabya; Tambe, Srushti; Kaundal, Babita; Sarraf, Sunny Kumar; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancer types affecting a major portion of the world's population, particularly in fair-skinned populations. Broadly, skin cancer is categorized into two major forms, carcinoma and melanoma, based on their physiological conditions. Skin carcinoma, but more particularly melanoma, remains a significant global health concern, with increasing incidence rates observed across various demographics. While traditional approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy remain cornerstones of treatment, latest developments in skin cancer treatment encompass novel therapeutic modalities, targeted drug delivery systems, and personalized approaches to patient care. Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanosystems have emerged as a promising avenue for personalized cancer immunotherapy and also as a potential targeted therapeutic approach to combat skin cancer. PEI is a highly cationic polymer that has garnered significant interest in the field of nanomedicine for its potential in delivering therapeutic agents, including nucleic acids and small molecules, specifically to cancer cells. In this review, we discuss and summarize the challenges associated with PEI and strategies for its modification, PEI as a potential therapeutic carrier, skin cancer types and pathogenesis, and the potential role PEI-based nanosystems play in effective skin cancer management.
Development of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells Secretome-Loaded In Situ Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder-Cross-Linked Hydrogel as a Potential Immunomodulatory Therapeutical Tool
(2025-01-15) Pareja Tello, Rubén; Cerveró-Varona, Adrián; Prencipe, Giuseppe; Molinaro, Giuseppina; Pinnarò, Veronica; Haidar-Montes, Arlette Alina; Correia, Alexandra; Hietala, Sami; Stöckl, Johannes; Hirvonen, Jouni; Barreto, Goncalo; Russo, Valentina; Barboni, Barbara; Santos, Hélder A.
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Amniotic epithelial stem cells (AEC) hold potential for tissue regeneration, especially through their conditioned medium (AEC-CM) due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative effects. Nevertheless, advanced drug delivery systems such as hydrogels are needed to enable clinical applications. Herein, an in situ gellable hyaluronic acid and polyethylene glycol-based iEDDA-cross-linked hydrogel was developed for the encapsulation and controlled release of AEC-CM. The developed system was formed by norbornene-modified hyaluronic acid and tetrazine-modified polyethylene glycol functionalized with heparin. The hydrogel was formed by mixing both precursor polymers, displaying fast cross-linking kinetics and showcasing a highly porous inner structure and low swelling properties. Moreover, the heparin-functionalized system allowed the sustained release of predominant growth factors from AEC-CM over 14 days. In vitro studies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed an enhanced suppression efficacy and a significant shift toward the M2 macrophage phenotype in comparison with nonencapsulated AEC-CM. Therefore, this work provides a suitable alternative for the encapsulation of AEC-CM in a hydrogel formulation, highlighting its potential as an alternative immunomodulatory therapeutic tool for tissue regeneration.
Non-Hermitian topology and entanglement in an optomechanical superlattice
(2025-01) Brzezicki, Wojciech; Hyart, Timo; Massel, Francesco
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The interplay between topology and dissipation can give rise to a wealth of new phenomena and pave the way for novel topological lasers, sensors, and other quantum devices. Along these lines, we propose here an optomechanical setup in which the concomitant presence of a spatially modulated external drive and dissipation gives rise to a topologically nontrivial state for mechanical and optical excitations. We are able to show that the one-dimensional system considered here exhibits topologically protected end states for which mechanical and optical degrees of freedom are entangled. We show such entanglement to be robust with respect to the presence of nonzero-temperature baths and we propose a protocol for experimental observation of the entanglement.
Doped Mott Phase and Charge Correlations in Monolayer 1⁢−NbSe2
(2025-01-31) Huang, Xin; Lado, Jose; Sainio, Jani; Liljeroth, Peter; Ganguli, Somesh Chandra
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The doped Hubbard model is one of the paradigmatic platforms to engineer exotic quantum many-body states, including charge-ordered states, strange metals, and unconventional superconductors. While undoped and doped correlated phases have been experimentally realized in a variety of twisted van der Waals materials, experiments in monolayer materials, and in particular 1⁢ transition metal dichalcogenides, have solely reached the conventional insulating undoped regime. Correlated phases in monolayer two-dimensional materials have much higher associated energy scales than their twisted counterparts, making doped correlated monolayers an attractive platform for high temperature correlated quantum matter. Here, we demonstrate the realization of a doped Mott phase in a van der Waals dichalcogenide 1⁢−NbSe2 monolayer. The system is electron doped due to electron transfer from a monolayer van der Waals substrate via proximity, leading to a correlated triangular lattice with both half-filled and fully filled sites. We analyze the distribution of the half-filled and filled sites and show the arrangement is unlikely to be controlled by disorder alone, and we show that the presence of competing nonlocal many-body correlations would account for the charge correlations found experimentally. Our results establish 1⁢−NbSe2 as a potential monolayer platform to explore correlated doped Mott physics in a frustrated lattice.
Variability and the existence of rough integrals with irregular coefficients
(2025-01-28) Hinz, Michael; Tölle, Jonas M.; Viitasaari, Lauri
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Within the context of rough path analysis via fractional calculus, we show how variability can be used to prove the existence of integrals with respect to Hölder continuous multiplicative functionals in the case of Lipschitz coefficients with first order partial derivatives of bounded variation. We discuss applications to certain Gaussian processes, in particular, fractional Brownian motions with Hurst index 13
Visual pigments underlie the sensitivity difference between day and night vision
(2025-01-21) Ala-Laurila, Petri
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