[article-cris] Kauppakorkeakoulu / BIZ

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  • 100 vuotta pientä avotaloutta -– Suomen ulkomaankaupan kehitys, merkitys ja näkymät
    (2017-11) Haaparanta, Pertti; Tamminen, Saara; Heikkinen, Sakari; Aunesluoma, Juhana; Hakkala, Katariina Nilsson; Kiviluoto, Jussi; Lavikainen, Kasperi; Rissanen, Aarne
     Commissioned report
    Luomme kuvauksen Suomen ulkomaankaupan kehitykseen runsaan sadan vuoden aikana. Tarkastelemme kaupan kasvua, kehitystä, toimiala- ja maajakaumaa sekä kauppapolitiikkaa. Erityisesti arvioimme viennin kansantaloudellista merkitystä. Globaalien arvoketjujen pirstoutumisen on hankaloittanut viennin analysointia bruttovientilukujen pohjalta. Tästä johtuen esitämme raportissa uusia laskelmia viennin luomasta kotimaisesta arvonlisäyksestä niin historiallisesti kuin nykypäivänä. Lisäksi tarkastelemme euroalueen ja viimeisen finanssikriisin vaikutuksia Suomen ulkomaankauppaan. 1930-luvun laman ja toisen maailmansodan jälkeen noussut protektionismi kauppapolitiikassa vaikutti pitkään. Kaupan vapautumisen, alueellisten kauppasopimusten ja Euroopan unioniin liittymisen myötä viennin luoma arvonlisäys on noussut, mutta toisaalta euroalueella ei löydetä olleen merkittävää vaikutusta jäsenmaiden väliseen ulkomaankauppaan. Tuloksiemme mukaan viennin luoma kotimainen arvonlisäys suhteutettuna bruttokansantuotteeseen ylitti ensimmäisen globalisaatiokauden vapaakauppaympäristössä saavutetun tason vasta 1990-luvun laman jälkeen. Viimeisten parin vuosikymmenen aikana teollinen tuotanto on pirstoutunut globaaleihin arvoketjuihin ja entistä suurempi osa viennin bruttoarvosta on ulkomaille päätyvää arvonlisäystä. Samalla palveluiden vienti on noussut merkittävästi. Palveluvienti vastasi noin 36 prosentista viennin koko arvonlisäystä vuonna 2016. Yleisesti ottaen 60–70 prosenttia Suomen viennin arvonlisäyksestä koostuu heterogeenisten tuotteiden myynnistä, joissa kilpaillaan erityisesti koettuun laatuun ja brändiin liittyvillä tekijöillä. Suomella on kohtuullisen hyvät mahdollisuudet saada viennistä merkittävää lisäarvonlisäystä tulevaisuudessakin, vaikka myös kauppapoliittisia uhkakuvia on näköpiirissä
  • 2022 Klein Lecture Parental Education and Invention : The Finnish Enigma
    (2023-05) Aghion, Philippe; Akcigit, Ufuk; Hyytinen, Ari; Toivanen, Otto
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Why is invention strongly positively correlated with parental income not only in the United States but also in Finland, which displays low income inequality and high social mobility? Using data on 1.45 M Finnish individuals and their parents, we find the following: (i) the positive association between parental income and off-spring probability of inventing is greatly reduced when controlling for parental education; (ii) instrumenting for the parents having an MSc degree using distance to nearest university reveals a large causal effect of parental education on offspring probability of inventing; and (iii) the causal effect of parental education has been markedly weakened by the introduction in the early 1970s of a comprehensive schooling reform.
  • Ability, Educational Attainment, and Household Financial Distress
    (2022-12) Luotonen, Niilo; Puttonen, Vesa; Rantapuska, Elias
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Using register data on the Finnish population, we show that both ability (measured with comprehensive school GPA) and educational attainment are relevant predictors of financial distress, even after accounting for childhood family environment. Low GPA is an especially useful predictor of financial distress years later for those who attain a secondary-level education at most. Our results suggest that any societal interventions to mitigate financial distress should particularly focus on low GPA individuals, and especially those unlikely to continue their studies after completing comprehensive school.
  • Academic abilities, education and performance in the stock market
    (2020-08) Talpsepp, Tõnn; Liivamägi, Kristjan; Vaarmets, Tarvo
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The paper assesses how cognitive abilities and education affect the performance of individual investors in the stock market. We use an exhaustive NASDAQ Tallinn dataset covering two bull markets and one bear market. We show that stronger mathematical and overall academic abilities are associated with more profitable investments and relative outperformance, after trading style, income, experience and a variety of educational characteristics are controlled for. However, the effects are not always linear or monotonic. A similar positive effect on performance is produced by higher education or specialisation in certain subjects. None of these factors is able to explain the performance of investors during bear markets, and none is a substitute for experience. Investors with strong academic abilities tend to have moderate trading frequency and performance seems to be affected more by the ability to find good trades than by the use of any particular trading strategies.
  • Academic Voluntourism
    (2023-12) van der Giessen, Mark
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
  • The Accelerating Disconnection of Work from Time and Place: New Questions for HR
    (2024-03-19) Gartner, Johannes; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Sumelius, Jennie; Vuorenmaa, Hertta
     A3 Kirjan tai muun kokoomateoksen osa
    The nature of work has already, for some time, been undergoing major changes as a result of technological progress. Mobile, virtual and cloud technologies, and the infrastructures that support them, are increasingly enabling work to be done from anywhere and at any time. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated this process, driving a large share of white-collar knowledge work to remote and hybrid modes. In this chapter, we explore how the increasing disconnection of work from time and place influences HRM, highlighting important new questions and concerns that HR needs to consider in the key areas of performance management, recruitment and talent management, training and development and diversity management. We also suggest elements requiring increased HR focus going forward, including building employee engagement and an inspiring organizational culture in a virtual and hybrid environment; focusing on the sustainability of working life and employee wellbeing; and facilitating a resilient employee mindse
  • Action Design Research as a Method-in-Use: Problems and Opportunities
    (2017) Haj-Bolouri, Amir; Purao, Sandeep; Rossi, Matti; Bernhardsson, Lennarth
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    This paper reports on the results of a study to investigate how scholars engage with and use the action design research (ADR) approach. ADR has been acknowledged as an important variant of the Design Science Research approach, and has been adopted by a number of scholars, as the methodological basis for doctoral dissertations as well as multidisciplinary research projects. With thisuse, the research community is learning about how to apply ADR's central tenets in different contexts. In this paper, we draw on primary data from researchers who have recently engaged in or finished an ADR project to identify recurring problems and opportunities related to working in different ADR stages, balancing demands from practice and research, and addressing problem instance vs. class of problems. Our work contributes a greater understanding of how ADR projects are carried out in practice, how researchers use ADR, and pointers to possibilities for extending ADR.
  • Actor Positioning and Its Implications to Value Co-Creation in SaaS Ecosystems
    (2023) Rossi, Matti; Ruippo, Antti; Koskinen, Kari
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    Research on platform ecosystems often takes a binary view of the ecosystem and its actors by dividing the actors belonging either to the core or the periphery of the platform. Platform ecosystems tend to be more nuanced, however, and contain a variety of groups of actors with different roles and interests. These different groups of actors seek to occupy and defend particular positions in the ecosystem that enable them to capture the maximum amount of value from the value co-creation occurring in the ecosystem. By studying SaaS ecosystems, this research maps the positions the different actors seek to occupy and the impact these have to the value creation processes and evolution of platform ecosystems. The results further highlight the preferred positions of the different actors and demonstrates how the interests of the actors are not always aligned but may also lead to value co-destruction instead of value co-creation.
  • Actor-Network Theory and Routine Dynamics
    (2021) Sele, Kathrin
     A3 Kirjan tai muun kokoomateoksen osa
    Actor-network theory has always been an inspiring theoretical and methodological source for Routine Dynamics research. Seeing routines as networks of actants and as a consequence rather than a cause of collective action enabled scholars to move away from a priori assumptions about the world and shift their attention to situated performances, multiplicity, and connections-in action. In this chapter, I provide a brief historical account of actor-network theory highlighting some of its central authors and their work before unravelling how Routine Dynamics scholars have appropriated it—ironically, often as an undercover actor that remains invisible at first sight—and conclude by reflecting on how actor-network theory can continue to be of use for and shape Routine Dynamics research.
  • Actors in the emerging internet of things ecosystems
    (2017-01-01) Leminen, Seppo; Rajahonka, Mervi; Westerlund, Mika
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    This study investigates actors in the ecosystems of the Internet of Things (IoT). Previous research suggests that unstructured ecosystems make one of the greatest challenges for creating business models for the IoT. The present study concludes four contributions. First, the study reviews literature to develop a framework for role mechanisms in ecosystems and applies the framework to analyse data from fifteen interviews in six cases. Second, it identifies four diverse actor roles in IoT ecosystems: butterfly, ant and greenfly, spider, and the swarm of bees. Third, the study shows how actors take and make different roles in four emerging IoT ecosystems; product-, company-, industry-, and peer to peer ecosystems, which are structured in accordance with the identified actors' role behavior. Fourth, it suggests a new role pattern, role replication, where companies replicate their value designs and networks to other contexts.
  • Adoption of the open access business model in scientific journal publishing – A crossdisciplinary study
    (2020-11) Korkeamäki, Timo; Björk, Bo-Christer
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Scientific journal publishers have rapidly converted during the past 25 years to predominantly electronic dissemination, but the reader-pays business model continues to dominate the market. Open Access (OA) publishing, where the articles are freely readable on the net, has slowly increased its market share to near 20 percent but has failed to fulfill the visions of rapid proliferation predicted by many early proponents. The growth of OA has also been very uneven across fields of science. We report market shares of open access in 18 Scopus-indexed disciplines ranging from 27 percent (agriculture) to 7 percent (business). The differences become far more pronounced for journals published in the four countries that dominate commercial scholarly publishing (US, UK, Germany, and the Netherlands). We present contrasting developments within six academic disciplines. Availability of funding to pay publication charges, pressure from research funding agencies, and the diversity of discipline-specific research communication cultures arise as potential explanations for the observed differences.
  • Advertising, Attention, and Financial Markets
    (2020-10-01) Focke, Florens; Ruenzi, Stefan; Ungeheuer, Michael
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Using daily advertising data, we analyze the short-term effects of advertising on investor attention and on financial market outcomes. Based on various investor attention proxies, we show that advertising positively affects attention. However, it has only little impact on turnover and liquidity. Most importantly, short-term stock returns are not significantly influenced by advertising. Further results suggest that previous findings of an economically significant positive relation between advertising and returns are due to reverse causality. Thus, the belief that stock prices can be temporarily inflated via advertising is misguided.
  • Aesthetics in the age of digital humanities
    (2016) Naukkarinen, Ossi; Bragge, Johanna
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    One of the most difficult but yet unavoidable tasks for every academic field is to define its own nature and demarcate its area. This article addresses the question of how current computational text-mining approaches can be used as tools for clarifying what aesthetics is when such approaches are combined with philosophical analyses of the field. We suggest that conjoining the two points of view leads to a fuller picture than excluding one or the other, and that such a picture is useful for the self-understanding of the discipline. Our analysis suggests that text-mining tools can find sources, relations, and trends in a new way, but it also reveals that the databases that such tools use are presently seriously limited. However, computational approaches that are still in their infancy in aesthetics will most likely gradually affect our understanding about the ontological status of the discipline and its instantiations.
  • Age at arrival, parents and neighborhoods: understanding the educational attainment of immigrants’ children
    (2020-03) Ansala, Laura; Hämäläinen, Ulla; Sarvimäki, Matti
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    This article documents how children of immigrants cope in early adulthood in Finland. We first show that, on average, they have dramatically lower educational attainment than children of natives do. This difference can be attributed to age at arrival, parental income and neighborhood quality. In fact, Finnish-born children of immigrants obtain more education than children of natives growing up in the same zip codes and in families with similar parental income and family structure. Sibling comparisons suggest that age at arrival has a causal impact on educational attainment. The results are very similar for the likelihood of being idle and having been convicted of a crime, but are starkly different for the likelihood of having been reimbursed for psychotropic medication.
  • Agricultural Extension and Technology Adoption for Food Security: Evidence from Uganda
    (2018-07) Pan, Yao; Smith, Stephen C.; Sulaiman, Munshi
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    We evaluate causal impacts of a large-scale agricultural extension program for smallholder women farmers on technology adoption and food security in Uganda through a regression discontinuity design that exploits an arbitrary distance-to-branch threshold for village program eligibility. We find eligible farmers used better basic cultivation methods, achieved improved food security. Given minimal changes in adoption of relatively expensive inputs, we attribute these gains to improved cultivation methods that require low upfront monetary investment. Farmers also modified their shock-coping methods. These results highlight the role of information and training in boosting agricultural productivity among poor farmers and, indirectly, improving food security.
  • Agricultural extension, intra-household allocation and malaria
    (2019-06-01) Pan, Yao; Singhal, Saurabh
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Can agricultural development programs improve health-related outcomes? We exploit a spatial discontinuity in the coverage of a large-scale agricultural extension program in Uganda to causally identify its effects on malaria. We find that eligibility for the program reduced the proportion of household members with malaria by 8.9 percentage points, with children and pregnant women experiencing substantial improvements. An examination of the underlying mechanisms indicates that an increase in income and the resulting increase in the ownership and usage of bednets may have played a role. Taken together, these results signify the importance of financial constraints in investments for malaria prevention and the potential role that agricultural development can play in easing it.
  • Aid and income: Another time-series perspective
    (2015) Lof, Matthijs; Mekasha, Tseday Jemaneh; Tarp, Finn
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    This study provides a replication of the empirical results reported by Nowak-Lehmann, Dreher, Herzer, Klasen, and Martínez-Zarzoso (2012) (henceforth NDHKM). We uncover that NDHKM relied on a regression model which included a log transformation of variables that are not strictly positive. This led to nonrandom omission of a large proportion of observations. Furthermore, we show that NDHKM’s use of co-integrated regressions is not a suitable empirical strategy for estimating the causal effect of aid on income. Evidence from a Panel VAR model estimated on the dataset of NDHKM, suggests a positive and statistically significant long-run effect of aid on income.
  • Algorithmic food - How “software is eating the world"
    (2020) Paavola, Lauri; Sele, Kathrin
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    In this paper, we explore how algorithms have empowered customers and promoted their preferences, while turning the sourcing of food from the purchase of a valuable good into a simple transaction. Focusing on the generative character of algorithms in the organizing of food, we study the changing nature of food retailing in the UK over the last 20 years. Theoretically we focus on the role that algorithms and thus technology have played in the transformation of the organizing of food and shed new light on how the latter has undergone tremendous changes. Our study enhances the current understanding of the impact big data has and will have on many organizational aspects and demonstrates that we need to have a better and more critical understanding of its consequences.
  • All-pay auctions with affiliated binary signals
    (2019-01-01) Chi, Chang Koo; Murto, Pauli; Välimäki, Juuso
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    We analyze all-pay auctions with affiliated values and binary signals. We analyze the unique symmetric equilibrium with any number of bidders and show that the bidders earn positive rents only if the equilibrium is monotone. We also characterize the symmetric equilibrium of the closely related two-player war of attrition. We compare expected revenues across these formats. All-pay auctions result in lower expected rents to the bidders than standard auctions, but they also induce inefficient allocations in some models with affiliated private values. With two bidders, the effect on rent extraction dominates, and the all-pay auctions outperform standard auctions in terms of expected revenue. With many bidders, standard auctions may result in higher expected revenue. The war of attrition outperforms the standard auctions in terms of revenue, but its ranking relative to all-pay auctions is ambiguous.
  • Ansiotyö muuttuu : yhteiskuntasopimuksen ja sopimisen päämäärän täytyy muuttua
    (2023-07-10) Vuorenmaa, Hertta; Koivunen, Tuija
     Comment/debate
    Ansiotyö on yksi yhteiskunnan keskeisistä osa-alueista. Kun työn tekemisen tapojen ja työsopimusmallin muuttaminen muuttavat yhteiskunnan toimintaa olennaisesti, voidaan perustellusti puhua tarpeesta luoda uusi yhteiskuntasopimus. Ansiotyö on monimutkainen sosiaalinen ja yhteiskunnallinen instituutio. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan neljännen teollisen vallankumouksen näkökulmasta, mitä sosiaalisesti kestävän työn tulevaisuuden luominen vaatisi suomalaiselta yhteiskunnalta ja yhteiskuntasopimukselta. Ansiotyö ja siihen kytkeytyvät instituutiot liittävät ihmiset toisiinsa, yhteiskuntaan ja vallitsevaan yhteiskuntasopimukseen. Jos haluamme, että teknologiavetoinen muutosprosessi tapahtuu kestävästi ja luo uusia mahdollisuuksia, se vaatii muuhunkin kuin teknologioihin keskittymistä. Yhteiskunnan instituutiot luovat insentiivit, työpaikat luovat yksilöille tilaa kehittyä ja oppia kestävämpää työelämää, ja yksilö voimaantuu ottamaan vastuuta omasta osaamisestaan.