[article-cris] Palvelut / Services

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Browsing [article-cris] Palvelut / Services by Subject "26 GHz"

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  • Millimeter-Wave Radio Link Analysis for 5G FWA by Combining Measurements and Geospatial Data
    (2023-03-08) Saba, Norshahida; Mela, Lauri; Ruttik, Kalle; Salo, Jari; Jantti, Riku
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    Fifth-generation (5G) fixed wireless access (FWA) at millimeter-wave (mmWave) can be a solution to fulfill the increasing demand of high-speed home broadband service. However, mmWave links have high propagation loss and are susceptible to blockage. In order to estimate mmWave coverage, appropriate radio link models are required. In this paper, we use measurements and geospatial data to analyze how mmWave can be utilized in Finnish rural areas. The measurements were conducted during summertime at 26 GHz. The measurements involved a crane and a mobile measurement van. The crane was used for measuring at three different transmitter heights, 30 m, 50 m and 70 m from the ground. During the summer, Finnish forests are covered with heavy foliage. We use the measurements and geospatial map to derive radio propagation models that are suitable for FWA in Finnish rural areas. The empirically-found vegetation attenuation models, Aalto1 and Aalto2, are compared to other models from the literature. Most of the other models, FITU-R, Weissberger, COST235 and KAIST1, overestimate the vegetation loss. KAIST2 is a good fit with 7.75 dB root mean square error (RMSE) value. The proposed Aalto1 model shows the best fit, with 5.98 dB RMSE. The model fit can further be improved by tuning it for a particular antenna height. Our analysis shows that, despite high vegetation blockage in the range of 40 m to 700 m, the excess loss remains below 40 dB.
  • Using Existing Base Station Sites for 5G Millimeter-Wave Fixed Wireless Access: Antenna Height and Coverage Analysis
    (2024) Saba, Norshahida; Salo, Jari; Ruttik, Kalle; Jäntti, Riku
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    The utilization of millimeter-wave (mm Wave) fre-quencies presents a challenge due to their susceptibility to significant attenuation when encountering obstacles. Providing 5G cellular services using these frequencies has proven to be challenging. However, they exhibit suitability for fixed wireless access (FWA) applications. Fixed wireless links remain relatively stationary, allowing for network design centered around line-of-sight (LoS) coverage. This study delves into the investigation of LoS coverage by making use of existing base transceiver station (BTS) sites in a rural region of Finland. Laser-scanned geospatial data is employed to assess LoS coverage, considering both BTS and customer premise equipment (CPE) antenna heights. Additionally, measured throughput data from commercial 5G devices is utilized to estimate feasible user throughput. The assessment is carried out in the rural area of Pornainen, Finland, covering a total of 764 households and three pre-existing BTS sites. The analysis encompasses BTS tower heights ranging from 30 m to 400 m. Through this analysis, the study presents LoS coverage patterns for various combinations of BTS tower and CPE heights. Notably, the research demonstrates that residences with established LoS connections have the potential to achieve downlink throughput exceeding 3 Gbps at 26 GHz. This finding underscores the feasibility of high-speed connectivity in areas where LoS conditions are favorable, highlighting the potential for effective FWA deployment in rural settings.