[dipl] Perustieteiden korkeakoulu / SCI

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Browsing [dipl] Perustieteiden korkeakoulu / SCI by Degree programme/Major subject "Biosensing and Bioelectronics"

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  • Computational 3D Modelling of Electric Fields in Fingrid Oyj’s Electrical Grid
    (2017-12-11) Lehtinen, Tuukka
     Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    In this thesis, extremely low frequency external electric fields as well as fields induced into a human body are simulated in various occupational exposure scenarios. The simulated environment is a Fingrid Oyj operated electrical substation. A realistic 3D model of a section of the substation is created and simulations are conducted using software implemented in MATLAB. The software solves the electric fields using finite element method. The human body being exposed to the external electric field is portrayed by a voxel based human phantom model. The results received from the simulations are compared with 2013/35/EU directive safety limits to verify safe working conditions at the studied site. Additionally, the simulated results are compared with data obtained from experimental measurements. This comparison is done to both validate the simulation results and to confirm that the calculations and equations used in conjunction with the experimental measurements produce reliable results. The results obtained show that the EU directive safety limits are not exceeded in the studied occupational scenarios and that the experimental measurement methods previously used by Fingrid work as intended in the majority of cases.
  • Cost-effectiveness in wound care: health economic evidence generation for decision-making and public procurement
    (2023-01-16) Leinonen, Milja
     Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Wounds inflict a significant economic burden on healthcare systems and their impact grows due to population demographics and inefficient ways of organizing care. As the gap between increasing demand and available care services grows, an urgent need for cost-efficient decision-making is highlighted at all levels of healthcare. Wound care products have typically been considered commoditized and as such unit price has historically been the sole parameter in their public procurement. However, healthcare systems are starting to demand more sophisticated evidence of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness from the medical device manufacturers. In this thesis I studied the role of health economics in wound care and how it shapes the requirements for evidence generation wound care products in the future. Cost-effectiveness of wound dressing FibDex, manufactured by UPM Biomedicals, was studied using a decision-analytic model and clinical data from previously published studies. Results were compared to published studies of most important competitors. Relevant aspects and potential methods for future health economic evaluations were outlined and recommendations for UPM Biomedicals were synthesized based on results of the cost-effectiveness evaluation, conducted interviews and literature review. FibDex was not the cost-effective option in the treatment of split-thickness skin graft donor site wounds, when compared to a comparator dressing Suprathel, but the results are not sufficient as only very limited data of relevant wound care cost drivers was available for analysis. In the future, economic evaluations of this dressing should include data on resource use of wound care, especially dressing changes and hospitalization, focus on minimizing bias and clearly define study protocol and outcome measures. UPM Biomedicals was recommended to invest heavily in high quality evidence generation, clarify the unique value proposition of FibDex, quickly develop capabilities for value-based procurement and provide clear use instructions and training for their dressing.
  • Towards virtual care operator in Finnish healthcare context – Identifying care disrup-tions and defining use cases in type 2 diabetes care
    (2022-03-21) Valtonen, Katri
     Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    The constantly increasing prevalence of chronic conditions is a global challenge. The healthcare delivery systems worldwide are struggling with organizing efficient and effective chronic care because the systems are not designed for the needs of the chronically ill. Phenomenon such as care fragmentation and care dis-continuity are common issues for patients with chronic illnesses such as type 2 diabetes. To answer these problems increased coordination and integration be-tween different service providers as well as higher level of personalization is needed. Different digital solutions are seen as key elements in enabling improved chronic care. The aim of this thesis is to study how care fragmentation, discontinuity and possible other care disruptions occur in type 2 diabetes care in Finland by utilizing a mixed methods approach. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews (N=8) with healthcare professionals and experts, and through a survey (N=54) distributed to patients with type 2 diabetes. Based on the findings key use cases for a virtual care operator in type 2 diabetes care were identified. In this study, four main challenges in type 2 diabetes care in Finland were identified: 1) unclear communication towards patient, 2) challenges in patient-caregiver relationship, 3) unclear responsibility on care continuity, and 4) challenges in supporting self-care and lifestyle changes. Based on these key findings, four use cases for the virtual care operator were proposed: digital care plan, digital channels for easy and low-threshold contacting, automated bookings for appointments, and digital tools to support lifestyle changes and diabetes self-care.