Browsing by Department "Universidad de Chile"

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    Jetted narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies breaking the jet paradigm: A comprehensive study of host-galaxy morphologies
    (EDP Sciences, 2022-12-08) Varglund, I.; Järvelä, E.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Berton, M.; Ciroi, S.; Congiu, E.; Metsähovi Radio Observatory; European Space Agency - ESA; University of Padova; Universidad de Chile; Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering
    Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies are unevolved active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that exist predominantly in spiral galaxies. However, mostly due to the small number of sources studied, it has been under debate whether also the hosts of jetted NLS1 galaxies, a particular subclass of these sources hosting a relativistic jet, are disk-like or elliptical, as the hosts of more powerful jetted AGNs. We studied the host morphologies of 14 NLS1 galaxies, 11 of which have been detected at 37 GHz, indicating that these sources harbour relativistic jets. The J- and Ks-band data used in this study were obtained with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT). We performed the photometric decomposition of the host galaxy using the band that gave a better fit and additionally created colour maps of all sources that had both a J- and a Ks-band observation. We were able to successfully model 12 sources, nine of which most likely have disk-like morphologies. Of the remaining sources, one source could possibly be hosted either in a disk-like or a dwarf galaxy, and in two cases the results are inconclusive. Only one of our sources shows clear signs of interaction, but the colour maps of most of our sources hint at ample dust in the nuclei, possibly indicating earlier minor mergers, which can go unnoticed due to the limited resolution of these observations. Our results further support disk-like galaxies as the predominant host type of jetted NLS1 galaxies. Most importantly, with the number of modelled hosts of jetted NLS1s now exceeding 50, with only a few elliptical hosts, it seems to be safe to conclude that also disk-like galaxies are able to launch and maintain relativistic jets, and that the traditional jet paradigm stating that only massive elliptical galaxies are capable of hosting relativistic jets is severely outdated.
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    Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review
    (Royal Society Publishing, 2022-03-01) Jha, Niraj Kumar; Chen, Wei Chih; Kumar, Sanjay; Dubey, Rajni; Tsai, Lung Wen; Kar, Rohan; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Gupta, Piyush Kumar; Sharma, Ankur; Gundamaraju, Rohit; Pant, Kumud; Mani, Shalini; Singh, Sandeep Kumar; Maccioni, Ricardo B.; Datta, Tirtharaj; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Gupta, Gaurav; Prasher, Parteek; Dua, Kamal; Dey, Abhijit; Sharma, Charu; Mughal, Yasir Hayat; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Ojha, Shreesh; Sharda University; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Medical University; Indian Institute of Management; University of Tasmania; Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University); Jaypee University of Information Technology; Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation; Universidad de Chile; Lovely Professional University; Suresh Gyan Vihar University; University of Petroleum and Energy Studies; University of Technology Sydney; Presidency College India; United Arab Emirates University; Qassim University; Molecular Materials; Wood Chemistry; Department of Applied Physics; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems
    Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.