Browsing by Department "Radboud University Nijmegen"
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Item Cross-linguistic Influences on Sentence Accent Detection in Background Noise(SAGE Publications Inc., 2020-03-01) Scharenborg, Odette; Kakouros, Sofoklis; Post, Brechtje; Meunier, Fanny; Radboud University Nijmegen; Dept Signal Process and Acoust; University of Cambridge; Université Côte d'AzurThis paper investigates whether sentence accent detection in a non-native language is dependent on (relative) similarity between prosodic cues to accent between the non-native and the native language, and whether cross-linguistic differences in the use of local and more widely distributed (i.e., non-local) cues to sentence accent detection lead to differential effects of the presence of background noise on sentence accent detection in a non-native language. We compared Dutch, Finnish, and French non-native listeners of English, whose cueing and use of prosodic prominence is gradually further removed from English, and compared their results on a phoneme monitoring task in different levels of noise and a quiet condition to those of native listeners. Overall phoneme detection performance was high for the native and the non-native listeners, but deteriorated to the same extent in the presence of background noise. Crucially, relative similarity between the prosodic cues to sentence accent of one’s native language compared to that of a non-native language does not determine the ability to perceive and use sentence accent for speech perception in that non-native language. Moreover, proficiency in the non-native language is not a straightforward predictor of sentence accent perception performance, although high proficiency in a non-native language can seemingly overcome certain differences at the prosodic level between the native and non-native language. Instead, performance is determined by the extent to which listeners rely on local cues (English and Dutch) versus cues that are more distributed (Finnish and French), as more distributed cues survive the presence of background noise better.Item The Effect of Noise on Emotion Perception in an Unknown Language(2018) Scharenborg, Odette; Kakouros, Sofoklis; Koemans, Jiska; Radboud University Nijmegen; Dept Signal Process and AcoustThis is the first study investigating the influence of “realistic” noise on verbal emotion perception in an unknown language. We do so by linking emotion perception to acoustic characteristics known to be correlated with emotion perception and investigating the effect of noise on the perception of these acoustic characteristics. Dutch students listened to Italian sentences in five emotions and were asked to indicate the emotion that was conveyed in the sentence. Sentences were presented in a clean and two babble noise conditions. Results showed that the participants were able to recognise emotions in the unknown language, and continued to perform above chance even in fairly bad listening conditions, indicating that verbal emotion may contain universal characteristics. Noise had a similar detrimental effect on the perception of the different emotions, though the impact on the use of the acoustic parameters for different emotion categories was different.Item Hijacking the human complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein by the sporozoite stage of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2022-11-21) Khattab, Ayman; Rezola, Mikel; Barroso, Marta; Kyrklund, Mikael; Pihlajamaa, Tero; Freitag, Tobias L.; van Gemert, Geert Jan; Bousema, Teun; Permi, Perttu; Turunen, Ossi; Sauerwein, Robert; Luty, Adrian J.F.; Meri, Seppo; University of Helsinki; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Radboud University Nijmegen; University of Jyväskylä; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; TropIQ Health Sciences; Université de Paris; Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsThe complement system is considered the first line of defense against pathogens. Hijacking complement regulators from blood is a common evasion tactic of pathogens to inhibit complement activation on their surfaces. Here, we report hijacking of the complement C4b-binding protein (C4bp), the regulator of the classical and lectin pathways of complement activation, by the sporozoite (SPZ) stage of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. This was shown by direct binding of radiolabeled purified C4bp to live SPZs as well as by binding of C4bp from human serum to SPZs in indirect immunofluorescence assays. Using a membrane-bound peptide array, peptides from the N-terminal domain (NTD) of P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) were found to bind C4bp. Soluble biotinylated peptide covering the same region on the NTD and a recombinantly expressed NTD also bound C4bp in a dose-dependent manner. NTD-binding site on C4bp was mapped to the CCP1-2 of the C4bp α-chain, a common binding site for many pathogens. Native CSP was also co-immunoprecipitated with C4bp from human serum. Preventing C4bp binding to the SPZ surface negatively affected the SPZs gliding motility in the presence of functional complement and malaria hyperimmune IgG confirming the protective role of C4bp in controlling complement activation through the classical pathway on the SPZ surface. Incorporating the CSP-C4bp binding region into a CSP-based vaccine formulation could induce vaccine-mediated immunity that neutralizes this immune evasion region and increases the vaccine efficacy.Item Planck 2015 results(2016-10-01) Ade, P. A R; Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartlett, J. G.; Bartolo, N.; Battaner, E.; Battye, R.; Benabed, K.; Benoît, A.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernard, J. P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bonaldi, A.; Bonavera, L.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. F.; Catalano, A.; Challinor, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chary, R. R.; Chiang, H. C.; Chluba, J.; Christensen, P. R.; Church, S.; Clements, D. L.; Colombi, S.; Colombo, L. P L; Combet, C.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davies, R. D.; Davis, R. J.; De Bernardis, P.; De Rosa, A.; De Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Désert, F. X.; Di Valentino, E.; Dickinson, C.; Diego, J. M.; Dolag, K.; Dole, H.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Ducout, A.; Dunkley, J.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Elsner, F.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Farhang, M.; Fergusson, J.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Frejsel, A.; Galeotta, S.; Galli, S.; Ganga, K.; Gauthier, C.; Gerbino, M.; Ghosh, T.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; Giusarma, E.; Gjerløw, E.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Hamann, J.; Hansen, F. K.; Hanson, D.; Harrison, D. L.; Helou, G.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Hovest, W.; Huang, Z.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Hurier, G.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T. S.; Kneissl, R.; Knoche, J.; Knox, L.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Lamarre, J. M.; Lasenby, A.; Lattanzi, M.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leahy, J. P.; Leonardi, R.; Lesgourgues, J.; Levrier, F.; Lewis, A.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; Maciás-Pérez, J. F.; Maggio, G.; Maino, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Mangilli, A.; Marchini, A.; Maris, M.; Martin, P. G.; Martinelli, M.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Matarrese, S.; Mcgehee, P.; Meinhold, P. R.; Melchiorri, A.; Melin, J. B.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Millea, M.; Mitra, S.; Miville-Deschênes, M. A.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Moss, A.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Paci, F.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Paladini, R.; Paoletti, D.; Partridge, B.; Pasian, F.; Patanchon, G.; Pearson, T. J.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Pettorino, V.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pierpaoli, E.; Pietrobon, D.; Plaszczynski, S.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Popa, L.; Pratt, G. W.; Prézeau, G.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J. L.; Rachen, J. P.; Reach, W. T.; Rebolo, R.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Renzi, A.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Rossetti, M.; Roudier, G.; Rouillé D'orfeuil, B.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Rubinõ-Martín, J. A.; Rusholme, B.; Said, N.; Salvatelli, V.; Salvati, L.; Sandri, M.; Santos, D.; Savelainen, M.; Savini, G.; Scott, D.; Seiffert, M. D.; Serra, P.; Shellard, E. P S; Spencer, L. D.; Spinelli, M.; Stolyarov, V.; Stompor, R.; Sudiwala, R.; Sunyaev, R.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A. S.; Sygnet, J. F.; Tauber, J. A.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tristram, M.; Trombetti, T.; Tucci, M.; Tuovinen, J.; Türler, M.; Umana, G.; Valenziano, L.; Väliviita, J.; Van Tent, F.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Wade, L. A.; Wandelt, B. D.; Wehus, I. K.; White, M.; White, S. D M; Wilkinson, A.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.; Cardiff University; CNRS/IN2P3; Service d'Astrophysique CEA; Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge; University of Cambridge; International School for Advanced Studies; IRAP; Universite de Toulouse; Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria); Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; AstroParticule et Cosmologie; Università Degli Studi di Padova; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy; University of Granada; University of Manchester; UMR7095; CNRS; University College London; INAF/IASF Milano; Università degli Studi di Milano; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center; California Institute of Technology; University of Toronto; University of California at Berkeley; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Universite Paris Sorbonne - Paris IV; Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris; INAF/IASF Bologna; Università di Ferrara; INFN, Sezione di Bologna; University of Oxford; UMR 5141; LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres; Laboratoire AIM, Service d’Astrophysique, DSM\IRFU, CEA\Saclay; Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; Princeton University; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Johns Hopkins University; Niels Bohr Institute; Stanford University; Imperial College London; University of Southern California; Universidad de Cantabria; Università La Sapienza; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova; UMR 7095; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; Institut Universitaire de France; European Space Agcy, European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Sci Off; University of Oslo; Shahid Beheshti University; Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste; University of Chicago; National Taiwan University; Stockholms universitet; NORDITA; University of Warsaw; Università Degli Studi di Trieste; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; CERN; University of Sydney; McGill University; Centro de Estudios de la Física del Cosmos de Aragón; Technical University of Denmark; Florida State University; University of Helsinki; European Southern Observatory Santiago; ALMA Santiago Central Offices; University of California; Université de Genève; African Institute for Mathematical Sciences; Helsinki Institute of Physics; Aix Marseille Universite; Department of Radio Science and Engineering; Metsähovi Radio Observatory; INFN, Sezione di Ferrara; Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos; RWTH Aachen University; University of Sussex; INFN, Sezione di Padova; University of California, Santa Barbara; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste; Universite Paris-Sud; INFN, Sezione di Roma 1; University of Heidelberg; Gran Sasso Science Institute; CEA Saclay, CEA, DSM Irfu SPP; Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Nottingham; National University of Ireland; University of Copenhagen; ASI Science Data Center; RAS - Pn Lebedev Physics Institute; Haverford College; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma; Institute for Space Sciences; Université Pierre and Marie Curie; Radboud University Nijmegen; Universities Space Research Association; Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias; CSIC; Universidad de La Laguna; Università di Roma Tor Vergata; Department of Applied Physics; ROTA – Topological superfluids; University of British Columbia; Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences; Kazan Federal University; Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences; ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre; Università degli Studi e-Campus; Universidad de Oviedo; Trinity College Dublin; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania; University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignThis paper presents cosmological results based on full-mission Planck observations of temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Our results are in very good agreement with the 2013 analysis of the Planck nominal-mission temperature data, but with increased precision. The temperature and polarization power spectra are consistent with the standard spatially-flat 6-parameter ΛCDM cosmology with a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations (denoted "base ΛCDM" in this paper). From the Planck temperature data combined with Planck lensing, for this cosmology we find a Hubble constant, H0 = (67.8 ± 0.9) km s-1Mpc-1, a matter density parameter Ωm = 0.308 ± 0.012, and a tilted scalar spectral index with ns = 0.968 ± 0.006, consistent with the 2013 analysis. Note that in this abstract we quote 68% confidence limits on measured parameters and 95% upper limits on other parameters. We present the first results of polarization measurements with the Low FrequencyInstrument at large angular scales. Combined with the Planck temperature and lensing data, these measurements give a reionization optical depth of τ = 0.066 ± 0.016, corresponding to a reionization redshift of \hbox{$z-{\rm re}=8.8{+1.7}-{-1.4}$}. These results are consistent with those from WMAP polarization measurements cleaned for dust emission using 353-GHz polarization maps from the High Frequency Instrument. We find no evidence for any departure from base ΛCDM in the neutrino sector of the theory; for example, combining Planck observations with other astrophysical data we find Neff = 3.15 ± 0.23 for the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom, consistent with the value Neff = 3.046 of the Standard Model of particle physics. The sum of neutrino masses is constrained to â'mν < 0.23 eV. The spatial curvature of our Universe is found to be very close to zero, with | ΩK | < 0.005. Adding a tensor component as a single-parameter extension to base ΛCDM we find an upper limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r0.002< 0.11, consistent with the Planck 2013 results and consistent with the B-mode polarization constraints from a joint analysis of BICEP2, Keck Array, and Planck (BKP) data. Adding the BKP B-mode data to our analysis leads to a tighter constraint of r0.002 < 0.09 and disfavours inflationarymodels with a V(φ) φ2 potential. The addition of Planck polarization data leads to strong constraints on deviations from a purely adiabatic spectrum of fluctuations. We find no evidence for any contribution from isocurvature perturbations or from cosmic defects. Combining Planck data with other astrophysical data, including Type Ia supernovae, the equation of state of dark energy is constrained to w =-1.006 ± 0.045, consistent with the expected value for a cosmological constant. The standard big bang nucleosynthesis predictions for the helium and deuterium abundances for the best-fit Planck base ΛCDM cosmology are in excellent agreement with observations. We also constraints on annihilating dark matter and onpossible deviations from the standard recombination history. In neither case do we find no evidence for new physics. The Planck results for base ΛCDM are in good agreement with baryon acoustic oscillation data and with the JLA sample of Type Ia supernovae. However, as in the 2013 analysis, the amplitude of the fluctuation spectrum is found to be higher than inferred from some analyses of rich cluster counts and weak gravitational lensing. We show that these tensions cannot easily be resolved with simple modifications of the base ΛCDM cosmology. Apart from these tensions, the base ΛCDM cosmology provides an excellent description of the Planck CMB observations and many other astrophysical data sets.Item Responsibility in Academic Writing : A Dialogue of the Dead(2018-11-01) Smissaert, Chris; Jalonen, Kari; Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Industrial Engineering and ManagementDrawing on the notion of answerability introduced by Mikhail Bakhtin, this article inquires into our moral responsibility as academic writers to others for what and how we write. According to Bakhtin, it is a difficult task to be answerable from one’s unique place in being and it is tempting to seek some sort of alibi, be it a theoretical principle, an aesthetic ideal, or a larger whole, and to play the roles therein. To break away from these domains, in search of some sort of ethical authorship, we engage in a Menippean dialogue. Exploring responsibility in such a satirical dialogue creates an awareness of the roles we easily hide behind, draws attention to what these roles might do to our writing, and enables us to try out other roles as we allow ourselves to not be so deadly serious in our writing.Item Robust neuronal oscillatory entertainment to speech displays individual variation in lateralisation(2018) Lam, Nietzsche H.L.; Hultén, Annika; Hagoort, Peter; Schoffelen, Jan Mathijs; Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringNeural oscillations may be instrumental for the tracking and segmentation of continuous speech. Earlier work has suggested that delta, theta and gamma oscillations entrain to the speech rhythm. We used magnetoencephalography and a large sample of 102 participants to investigate oscillatory entrainment to speech, and observed robust entrainment of delta and theta activity, and weak group-level gamma entrainment. We show that the peak frequency and the hemispheric lateralisation of the entrainment are subject to considerable individual variability. The first finding may support the involvement of intrinsic oscillations in entrainment, and the second finding suggests that there is no systematic default right-hemispheric bias for processing acoustic signals on a slow time scale. Although low frequency entrainment to speech is a robust phenomenon, the characteristics of entrainment vary across individuals, and this variation is important for understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of entrainment, as well asits functional significance.Item Submolecular resolution in scanning probe images of Sn-phthalocyanines on Cu(1 0 0) using metal tips(2017-08-22) Buchmann, Kristof; Hauptmann, Nadine; Foster, Adam S.; Berndt, Richard; Kiel University; Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Applied PhysicsSingle Sn-phthalocyanine (SnPc) molecules adsorb on Cu(1 0 0) with the Sn ion above (Sn-up) or below (Sn-down) the molecular plane. Here we use a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and first principles calculations to understand the adsorption configuration and origin of observed contrast of molecules in the Sn-down state. AFM with metallic tips images the pyrrole nitrogen atoms in these molecules as attractive features while STM reveals a chirality of the electronic structure of the molecules close to the Fermi level EF, which is not observed in AFM. Using density functional theory calculations, the origin of the submolecular contrast is analysed and, while the electrostatic forces turn out to be negligible, the van der Waals interaction between the phenyl rings of SnPc and the substrate deform the molecule, push the pyrrole nitrogen atoms away from the substrate and thus induce the observed submolecular contrast. Simulated STM images reproduce the chirality ofthe electronic structure near EF.Item Taking stock of behavioural OR(Elsevier Science B.V., 2021-09) Franco, L. Alberto; Hämäläinen, Raimo P.; Rouwette, Etiënne A.J.A.; Leppänen, Ilkka; Loughborough University; Department of Mathematics and Systems Analysis; Radboud University NijmegenThis review maps the body of behavioural OR studies that focus on interventions. The term ‘intervention’ is used here to refer to a designed problem-solving system in which individuals or groups engage with OR methods, processes and tools in order to complete a set task or address a real-world problem. We surveyed the relevant OR literature covering a 30-year period, and develop a typology to organise our corpus of reviewed studies. The typology is comprised of four types of studies, each type representing a distinctive approach in terms of its assumptions about behaviour (determinist or voluntarist) and the research methodologies they use (variance or process), and each type is concerned with different research questions that do not cut across other approaches. By categorising studies in this way, and drawing on research in associated cognate areas where relevant, eight empirically-generated knowledge themes emerge: intervention configurations, individual differences, model-driven support impacts, (un)intended use, model building process, engagement paths and strategies, facilitated modelling practice, and sociomaterial dynamics. Each of these knowledge themes provides important insights into the behavioural factors that affect, or are affected by, OR-supported activity. We conclude our review with ten suggestions for further developing the behavioural OR agenda concerned with interventions.Item Validation of a Web-Based Planning Tool for Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal Tumors(2020-11) van Oostenbrugge, Tim J.; Heidkamp, Jan; Moche, Michael; Weir, Phil; Mariappan, Panchatcharam; Flanigan, Ronan; Pollari, Mika; Payne, Stephen; Kolesnik, Marina; Jenniskens, Sjoerd F.M.; Fütterer, Jurgen J.; Radboud University Nijmegen; Leipzig University; NUMA Engineering Services Ltd; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; University of Oxford; Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information TechnologyPurpose: To validate a simulation environment for virtual planning of percutaneous cryoablation of renal tumors. Materials and Methods: Prospectively collected data from 19 MR-guided procedures were used for validation of the simulation model. Volumetric overlap of the simulated ablation zone volume (Σ) and the segmented ablation zone volume (S; assessed on 1-month follow-up scan) was quantified. Validation metrics were DICE Similarity Coefficient (DSC; the ratio between twice the overlapping volume of both ablation zones divided by the sum of both ablation zone volumes), target overlap (the ratio between the overlapping volume of both ablation zones to the volume of S; low ratio means S is underestimated), and positive predictive value (the ratio between the overlapping volume of both ablation zones to the volume of Σ; low ratio means S is overestimated). Values were between 0 (no alignment) and 1 (perfect alignment), a value > 0.7 is considered good. Results: Mean volumes of S and Σ were 14.8 cm3 (± 9.9) and 26.7 cm3 (± 15.0), respectively. Mean DSC value was 0.63 (± 0.2), and ≥ 0.7 in 9 cases (47%). Mean target overlap and positive predictive value were 0.88 (± 0.11) and 0.53 (± 0.24), respectively. In 17 cases (89%), target overlap was ≥ 0.7; positive predictive value was ≥ 0.7 in 4 cases (21%) and < 0.6 in 13 cases (68%). This indicates S is overestimated in the majority of cases. Conclusion: The validation results showed a tendency of the simulation model to overestimate the ablation effect. Model adjustments are necessary to make it suitable for clinical use.
