Browsing by Department "Higher School of Economics"
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Item Aberrant auditory and visual memory development of children with upper limb motor disorders(MDPI AG, 2021-12) Koriakina, Maria; Agranovich, Olga; Petrova, Ekaterina; Kadieva, Dzerassa; Kopytin, Grigory; Ermolovich, Evgenia; Moiseenko, Olesya; Alekseeva, Margarita; Bredikhin, Dimitri; Bermúdez-Margaretto, Beatriz; Ntoumanis, Ioannis; Shestakova, Anna N.; Jääskeläinen, Iiro P.; Blagovechtchenski, Evgeny; Russian Ministry of Health; Higher School of Economics; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringThe current study aimed to compare differences in the cognitive development of children with and without upper limb motor disorders. The study involved 89 children from 3 to 15 years old; 57 children with similar upper limb motor disorders and 32 healthy children. Our results showed that motor disorders could impair cognitive functions, especially memory. In particular, we found that children between 8 and 11 years old with upper limb disorders differed significantly from their healthy peers in both auditory and visual memory scales. These results can be explained by the fact that the development of cognitive functions depends on the normal development of motor skills, and the developmental delay of motor skills affects cognitive functions. Correlation analysis did not reveal any significant relationship between other cognitive functions (attention, thinking, intelligence) and motor function. Altogether, these findings point to the need to adapt general habilitation programs for children with motor disorders,considering the cognitive impairment during their development. The evaluation of children with motor impairment is often limited to their motor dysfunction, leaving their cognitive development neglected. The current study showed the importance of cognitive issues for these children. Moreover, early intervention, particularly focused on memory, can prevent some of the accompanying difficulties in learning and daily life functioning of children with movement disorders.Item Between the Scenes Novelty Seeking Beyond Visual Search(Hogrefe, 2022-07) Nadezhda, Murziakova; Dovbnyuk, Kseniya; Merzon, Liya; MacInnes, W. Joseph; BEC-INFM; University of Trento; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; Higher School of EconomicsWe constantly move our eyes to new information while inspecting a scene, but these patterns of eye movements change based on the task and goals of the observer. Inhibition of return (IOR) may facilitate visual search by reducing the likelihood of revisiting previously attended locations. However, IOR may present in any visual task, or it may be search-specific. We investigated the presence of IOR in foraging, memorization, change detection, and two versions of visual search. One version of search used a static search array that remained stable throughout the trial, but the second used a scene flickering paradigm similar to the change detection task. IOR was observed in both versions of visual search, memorization, and foraging, but not in change detection. Visual search and change detection both had temporal nonscene components, and we observed that IOR could be maintained despite the scene removal but only for search. Although IOR is maintained in scene coordinates, short disruptions to this scene are insufficient to completely remove the inhibitory tags. Finally, we compare return saccades in trials without a probe and observe fewer return saccades in tasks for which IOR was observed, providing further evidence that IOR might serve as a novelty drive.Item Employee exit and constructive voice as behavioral responses to psychological contract breach in Finland and Russia(Routledge (Taylor & Francis), 2022-01-24) Balabanova, Evgeniya; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Koveshnikov, Alexei; Efendiev, Azer; Higher School of Economics; Hanken School of Economics; Department of Management StudiesThe study examines within- and between-culture differences in the relationships between psychological contract breach (PCB) and exit and constructive voice among 731 full-time, white-collar employees in Russia and Finland. The analysis shows that the former are more sensitive to transactional PCB whereas the latter are equally sensitive to both transactional and relational PCB. It also reveals that transactional PCB increases exit equally strongly among both Russian and Finnish employees. Relational PCB relates significantly and positively only to Finnish employees’ exit reactions. Neither transactional nor relational PCB are associated with voice among Russian employees, while the relationship is significant between relational PCB and voice among Finnish employees. The study offers a rare within- and between-culture comparative analysis of employee responses to PCB, pointing to the importance of complementing extant theorizing around PCB with contextual cultural and socio-economic theorizing. It also questions the generalizability of cultural explanations for PCB and suggests that such explanations might have lower explanatory power in the context of strong situations. Finally, it provides an explanation for the inconclusive extant research concerning the influence of PCB on employee voice.Item Interplay of the Inverse Proximity Effect and Magnetic Field in Out-of-Equilibrium Single-Electron Devices(2017-05-26) Nakamura, Shuji; Pashkin, Yuri A.; Taupin, Mathieu; Maisi, Ville F.; Khaymovich, Ivan M.; Mel'Nikov, Alexander S.; Peltonen, Joonas T.; Pekola, Jukka P.; Okazaki, Yuma; Kashiwaya, Satoshi; Kawabata, Shiro; Vasenko, Andrey S.; Tsai, Jaw-Shen; Kaneko, Nobu Hisa; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Lancaster University; Vienna University of Technology; Department of Applied Physics; Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems; Russian Academy of Sciences; Higher School of Economics; RIKENWe show that a weak external magnetic field affects significantly nonequilibrium quasiparticle (QP) distributions under the conditions of the inverse proximity effect, using the single-electron hybrid turnstile as a generic example. Inverse proximity suppresses the superconducting gap in superconducting leads in the vicinity of turnstile junctions, thus, trapping hot QPs in this region. An external magnetic field creates additional QP traps in the leads in the form of vortices or regions with a reduced superconducting gap resulting in the release of QPs away from the junctions. We present clear experimental evidence of the interplay of the inverse proximity effect and magnetic field revealing itself in the superconducting gap enhancement and significant improvement of the turnstile characteristics. The observed interplay and its theoretical explanation in the context of QP overheating are important for various superconducting and hybrid nanoelectronic devices, which find applications in quantum computation, photon detection, and quantum metrology.Item Joule heating effects in high-Transparency Josephson junctions(American Physical Society, 2021-10-21) Tomi, Matti; Samatov, Mikhail R.; Vasenko, Andrey S.; Laitinen, Antti; Hakonen, Pertti; Golubev, Dmitry S.; Centre of Excellence in Quantum Technology, QTF; Higher School of Economics; Quantum Phenomena and Devices; Department of Applied PhysicsWe study, both theoretically and experimentally, the features on the current-voltage characteristic of a highly transparent Josephson junction caused by transition of the superconducting leads to the normal state. These features appear due to the suppression of the Andreev excess current. We show that by tracing the dependence of the voltage, at which the transition occurs, on the bath temperature and by analyzing the suppression of the excess current by the bias voltage one can recover the temperature dependence of the heat flow out of the junction. We verify theory predictions by fabricating two highly transparent superconductor-graphene-superconductor (SGS) Josephson junctions with suspended and nonsuspended graphene as a nonsuperconducting section between Al leads. Applying the above mentioned technique we show that the cooling power of the suspended junction depends on the bath temperature as â Tbath3.1 close to the superconducting critical temperature.Item Temporal limitations of the standard leaky integrate and fire model(MDPI AG, 2020-01-01) Merzon, Liya; Malevich, Tatiana; Zhulikov, Georgiy; Krasovskaya, Sofia; Macinnes, W. Joseph; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience; Higher School of EconomicsItti and Koch’s Saliency Model has been used extensively to simulate fixation selection in a variety of tasks from visual search to simple reaction times. Although the Saliency Model has been tested for its spatial prediction of fixations in visual salience, it has not been well tested for their temporal accuracy. Visual tasks, like search, invariably result in a positively skewed distribution of saccadic reaction times over large numbers of samples, yet we show that the leaky integrate and fire (LIF) neuronal model included in the classic implementation of the model tends to produce a distribution shifted to shorter fixations (in comparison with human data). Further, while parameter optimization using a genetic algorithm and Nelder–Mead method does improve the fit of the resulting distribution, it is still unable to match temporal distributions of human responses in a visual task. Analysis of times for individual images reveal that the LIF algorithm produces initial fixation durations that are fixed instead of a sample from a distribution (as in the human case). Only by aggregating responses over many input images do they result in a distribution, although the form of this distribution still depends on the input images used to create it and not on internal model variability.