[lic] Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu / CHEM

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Browsing [lic] Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu / CHEM by Department "Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering"

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  • Africa Energy - A Tip of the Iceberg Overview
    (2017) Chandrasekhar, Sreenivasan
     School of Chemical Engineering | Licentiate thesis
    The status of energy supply and potential for exploitation of energy flows on the African continent in states between the ‘Maghreb’ in the north and borders of Republic of South Africa is charted out. To facilitate the analysis of the energy situation, the continent is divided into 6 sections and the energy sectors of each country are sub-divided as well: Hydroelectric power, Oil & Gas, Mining, Agriculture, and Renewable energy resources. The first part contains the land facts pertaining to a particular country’s energy situation. The analytical part of the work draws upon data in Land facts section plus some fresh references to trace out the energy belts of the continent and facilitate drawing of the energy maps. Calculations follow to estimate the densities of installed power and power potential vis-à-vis each country’s total area. A comparison of the power densities results in the scale-up factor, the bridge between present and future degrees of industrialization, whose magnitude is indicative of the land’s project engineering potential. The sheer magnitudes point to the scope for engineering activity – hydel in the central mass (where insolation stays diminished due to dense forest cover restricting water vapor’s evaporation and causing cloudiness), oil and gas offshore sites on the continent’s coastal sides, the grand coal patches, geothermal resources in the south and east and wind energy in the Horn of Africa and Sub-Sahara. Bioenergy potential from its myriad forms that straddle the continent from west to east and in pockets in the south.
  • Modern approaches to control of a multiple hearth furnace in kaolin production
    (2020) Gómez Fuentes, José Valentín
     School of Chemical Engineering | Licentiate thesis
    The aim of this thesis is to improve the overall efficiency of the multiple hearth furnace (MHF) in kaolin calcination by developing control strategies which incorporate machine learning based soft sensors to estimate mineralogy related constraints in the control strategy. The objective of the control strategy is to maximize the capacity of the furnace and minimize energy consumption while maintaining the product quality of the calcined kaolin. First, the description of the process of interest is given, highlighting the control strategy currently implemented at the calciner studied in this work. Next, the state of the art on control of calcination furnaces is presented and discussed. Then, the description of the mechanistic model of the MHF, which plays a key role in the testing environment, is provided and an analysis of the MHF dynamic behavior based on the industrial and simulated data is presented. The design of the mineralogy-driven control strategy for the multiple hearth furnace and its implementation in the simulation environment are also outlined. The analysis of the results is then presented. Furthermore, the extensive sampling campaign for testing the soft sensors and the control strategy logic of the industrial MHF is reported, and the results are analyzed and discussed. Finally, an introduction to Model Predictive Control (MPC) is presented, the design of the Linear MPC framework for the MHF in kaolin calcination is described and discussed, and future research is outlined.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations of heat transfer in gold nanoparticle-lipid bilayer systems
    (2017) Potdar, Dipti
     School of Chemical Technology | Licentiate thesis
    Nanoparticle-membrane interactions play a key role in many important applications such as drug delivery, nanomedicine, biosensors, electronic devices, imaging, diagnostics and cosmetics. Evidently, theoretical and experimental studies of nanoparticle and lipid bilayer interactions are major areas of research in the fields of soft matter and biophysical chemistry. However, complete understanding of these interactions with experimental methods can provide various scientific advances to bridge the gap between atomic level description of microscopic phenomenon and whole cell or system properties at various timescales. One such powerful technique in computational simulations is molecular dynamics (MD). In particular, here we adopt MD as a research tool for studying heat transfer characteristics of and results with reference to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer interacting with thiol functionalized 1) hydrophobic (hexane thiol ligand) and 2) hydrophilic (hydroxy pentane thiol ligand) gold nanoparticle heat source in presence of water. We demonstrate that, heat transfer MD simulations provide better qualitative understanding for the effect of nanoparticle position and type of ligand functionalization(s). Here, comparison of thermal conductivity and temperature distribution of both 1) hydrophobic nanoparticle (embedded inside membrane core) and 2) hydrophilic nanoparticle (placed in the proximity of bilayer heads and water) containing lipid bilayer system reveals that heat transfer in hydrophilic nanoparticle containing system is more efficient than in the system with hydrophobic nanoparticle. Additionally, heat transfer is asymmetric in such systems due to anisotropic nature of lipid bilayer. The findings discussed in this work may lead to a better understanding of heat transfer from heated gold nanoparticle source to lipid bilayer and of the light triggered release from GNP containing liposomes.
  • Towards Cleaner Energy with Carbon-Based Catalysts: Density Functional Theory Studies of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
    (2017) Pakkanen, Olli
     School of Chemical Technology | Licentiate thesis