Browsing by Author "Zhang, Jin"

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  • Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications
    (2018) Rao, Rahul; Pint, Cary L.; Islam, Ahmad E.; Weatherup, Robert S.; Hofmann, Stephan; Meshot, Eric R.; Wu, Fanqi; Zhou, Chongwu; Dee, Nicholas; Amama, Placidus B.; Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer; Shi, Wenbo; Plata, Desiree L.; Penev, Evgeni S.; Yakobson, Boris I.; Balbuena, Perla B.; Bichara, Christophe; Futaba, Don N.; Noda, Suguru; Shin, Homin; Kim, Keun Su; Simard, Benoit; Mirri, Francesca; Pasquali, Matteo; Fornasiero, Francesco; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Arnold, Michael; Cola, Baratunde A.; Nikolaev, Pavel; Arepalli, Sivaram; Cheng, Hui Ming; Zakharov, Dmitri N.; Stach, Eric A.; Zhang, Jin; Wei, Fei; Terrones, Mauricio; Geohegan, David B.; Maruyama, Benji; Maruyama, Shigeo; Li, Yan; Adams, W. Wade; Hart, A. John
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
  • Complete structural characterization of single carbon nanotubes by Rayleigh scattering circular dichroism
    (2021-10) Yao, Fengrui; Yu, Wentao; Liu, Can; Su, Yingze; You, Yilong; Ma, He; Qiao, Ruixi; Wu, Chunchun; Ma, Chaojie; Gao, Peng; Xiao, Fajun; Zhao, Jianlin; Bai, Xuedong; Sun, Zhipei; Maruyama, Shigeo; Wang, Feng; Zhang, Jin; Liu, Kaihui
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Non-invasive, high-throughput spectroscopic techniques can identify chiral indices (n,m) of carbon nanotubes down to the single-tube level1–6. Yet, for complete characterization and to unlock full functionality, the handedness, the structural property associated with mirror symmetry breaking, also needs to be identified accurately and efficiently7–14. So far, optical methods fail in the handedness characterization of single nanotubes because of the extremely weak chiroptical signals (roughly 10−7) compared with the excitation light15,16. Here we demonstrate the complete structure identification of single nanotubes in terms of both chiral indices and handedness by Rayleigh scattering circular dichroism. Our method is based on the background-free feature of Rayleigh scattering collected at an oblique angle, which enhances the nanotube’s chiroptical signal by three to four orders of magnitude compared with conventional absorption circular dichroism. We measured a total of 30 single-walled carbon nanotubes including both semiconducting and metallic nanotubes and found that their absolute chiroptical signals show a distinct structure dependence, which can be qualitatively understood through tight-binding calculations. Our strategy enables the exploration of handedness-related functionality of single nanotubes and provides a facile platform for chiral discrimination and chiral device exploration at the level of individual nanomaterials.
  • Dynamic multimode OAM generation implemented by mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces
    (2025-06) Wu, Xiangming; Zhang, Zhengping; Li, Zhenfei; Zhang, Jin; Wang, Xiong; Zhu, Weiren
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) hold promising applications in enhanced communications by exploiting their multiple and orthogonal modes. While programmable metasurfaces offer the capability to generate OAM waves with varying modes, they come with complexities in design and elevated costs due to the heavy reliance on active devices. In this paper, we present an innovative approach for dynamic OAM generation utilizing a pair of mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces. The phase distributions of the two metasurfaces are carefully crafted to exhibit reconfigurable characteristics upon superimposition by adjusting their relative displacement. Specifically, the designed metasurfaces feature full phase modulation and high transmittance above -3 dB within 21–24 GHz. With these metasurfaces, OAM waves with six distinct modes (topological charge l=±1,±2,±3) have been dynamically achieved, with each mode being generated under a specific displacement. The proposed design is rigorously validated through numerical simulations and experimental measurements.
  • An efficient approach toward production of near-zigzag single-chirality carbon nanotubes
    (2024-04) Li, Yahan; Li, Linhai; Jiang, Hua; Qian, Liu; He, Maoshuai; Zhou, Duanliang; Jiang, Kaili; Liu, Huaping; Qin, Xiaofan; Gao, Yan; Wu, Qianru; Chi, Xinyan; Li, Zhibo; Zhang, Jin
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Synthesizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a narrow chirality distribution is essential for obtaining pure chirality materials through postgrowth sorting techniques. Using carbon monoxide chemical vapor deposition, we devise a ruthenium (Ru) catalyst supported by silica for the bulk production of SWCNTs containing only a few (n, m) species. The result is attributed to the limited carbon dissociation on the supported Ru clusters, favoring the growth of only small-diameter SWCNTs at comparable growth rates. The resulting materials expedite high-purity single chirality separation using gel chromatography, leading to unprecedented yields of 3.5% for (9, 1) and 5.2% for (9, 2) nanotubes, which surpass those separated from HiPco SWCNTs by two orders of magnitude. This work sheds light on the large-quantity synthesis of SWCNTs with enriched species beyond near-armchair ones for their high-yield separation.
  • Giant enhancement of optical nonlinearity in two-dimensional materials by multiphoton-excitation resonance energy transfer from quantum dots
    (2021-07) Hong, Hao; Wu, Chunchun; Zhao, Zixun; Zuo, Yonggang; Wang, Jinhuan; Liu, Can; Zhang, Jin; Wang, Fangfang; Feng, Jiangang; Shen, Huaibin; Yin, Jianbo; Wu, Yuchen; Zhao, Yun; Liu, Kehai; Gao, Peng; Meng, Sheng; Wu, Shiwei; Sun, Zhipei; Liu, Kaihui; Xiong, Jie
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Colloidal quantum dots are promising photoactive materials that enable plentiful photonic and optoelectronic applications ranging from lasers, displays and photodetectors to solar cells1–9. However, these applications mainly utilize the linear optical properties of quantum dots, and their great potential in the broad nonlinear optical regime is still waiting for full exploration10–12. Here, we demonstrate that a simple coating of a sub-200-nm-thick quantum dot film on two-dimensional materials can significantly enhance their nonlinear optical responses (second, third and fourth harmonic generation) by more than three orders of magnitude. Systematic experimental results indicate that this enhancement is driven by a non-trivial mechanism of multiphoton-excitation resonance energy transfer, where the quantum dots directly deliver their strongly absorbed multiphoton energy to the adjacent two-dimensional materials by a remote dipole–dipole coupling. Our findings could expand the applications of quantum dots in many exciting areas beyond linear optics, such as nonlinear optical signal processing, multiphoton imaging and ultracompact nonlinear optical elements.
  • Graphene-based optically transparent metasurface for microwave and terahertz cross-band stealth utilizing multiple stealth strategies
    (2024-02-10) Li, Qingge; Zhang, Jin; Liu, Longhai; He, Chong; Zhu, Weiren
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Stealth, as a miraculous physical phenomenon, has received widespread attention from the scientific and engineering communities for a long time. Optically transparent stealth devices are of significant importance for the stealth capabilities of aircraft windshields and solar panels. However, the current stealth implementations are limited to a single frequency band due to the strong dispersion of passive materials so that cross-band stealth still remains challenging. In this paper, a novel cross-wavelength stealth strategy is proposed based on multi-layer graphene transparent metasurface, which achieves stealth both in microwave and terahertz frequency bands. Strong resonance is designed to achieve high absorption in the microwave band and diffuse scattering is employed for RCS reduction in the terahertz band. Materials such as graphene and ITO are employed to achieve optical transparency and flexibility of the metasurface. The above design is implemented using numerical simulations and experiments, and the results are in good agreements. This design method that integrates multiple stealth strategies opens up a new approach for cross-band stealth, with potential applications in countering advanced electromagnetic detection.
  • Growth kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes with a (2n, n) chirality selection
    (2019-12-13) He, Maoshuai; Wang, Xiao; Zhang, Shuchen; Jiang, Hua; Cavalca, Filippo; Cui, Hongzhi; Wagner, Jakob B.; Hansen, Thomas W.; Kauppinen, Esko; Zhang, Jin; Ding, Feng
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The growth kinetics play key roles in determining the chirality distribution of the grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). However, the lack of comprehensive understandings on the SWCNT’s growth mechanism at the atomic scale greatly hinders SWCNT chirality-selective synthesis. Here, we establish a general model, where the dislocation theory is a specific case, to describe the etching agent–dependent growth kinetics of SWCNTs on solid catalyst particles. In particular, the growth kinetics of SWCNTs in the absence of etching agent is validated by both in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy and ex situ chemical vapor deposition growth of SWCNTs. On the basis of the new theory of SWCNT’s growth kinetics, we successfully explained the selective growth of (2n, n) SWCNTs. This study provides another degree of freedom for SWCNT controlled synthesis and opens a new strategy to achieve chirality-selective synthesis of (2n, n) SWCNTs using solid catalysts.
  • Hyperband Synergistic Metadevices
    (2024-10-04) Zhang, Jin; Liu, Peng; Xu, Zhenyu; Dai, Yawei; Zhang, Qiang; Zhu, Weiren; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Sun, Zhipei
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Recent advances in metadevices, featuring complex subwavelength metastructures, have dramatically transformed the control and manipulation of electromagnetic waves. However, the inherently narrow operational bandwidth of these devices, stemming from their wavelength-specific meta-atoms, restricts their application in rapidly advancing fields such as the Internet of Things and advanced intelligent systems. Here, a novel hyperband synergistic metadevice is introduced, realized through a comprehensive multi-scale meta-atom architecture. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible prototype integrates the distinct properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes with advanced interlayer and intralayer coupling mechanisms, coherently combining nanoscale, microscale, and macroscale meta-atoms. This prototype is thus adept at operating across a wide electromagnetic spectrum, spanning from the centimeter-wavelength microwave band to the hundred nanometer-wavelength visible and infrared optical band. Significantly, this singular device synergistically delivers three critical functionalities: selective microwave absorption, efficient terahertz beam steering, and enhanced optical transparency. These result signifies a breakthrough in hyperband electromagnetic device engineering, leading to compact, versatile, intelligent electromagnetic platforms.
  • Lignin as a bioderived modular surfactant and intercalant for Ti3C2Tx MXene stabilization and tunable functions
    (2024-11-20) Jiang, Pan; Hong, Xiaodan; Zhang, Jin; Sheng, Jiali; Kang, Jiahui; Ikkala, Olli; Chu, Fuxiang; Peng, Bo; Han, Yanming; Lv, Zhong Peng
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Controlled tailoring of atomically thin MXene interlayer spacings by surfactant/intercalants (e.g., polymers, ligands, small molecules) is important to maximize their potential for application. However, challenges persist in achieving precise spacing tunability in a well-defined stacking, combining long-term stability and dispersibility in various solvents. Here, we discovered that lignin can be used as surfactants/intercalants of Ti3C2Tx MXenes. The resulting MXene@lignin complexes exhibit superior colloidal stability and oxidation resistance in both water and different organic solvents. More important, we reveal a dynamic interaction between MXene and lignin that enables a wide-range fine interlayer distance tuning at a sub-nanometer scale. Such dynamic interaction is sparse in the reported organic surfactants/intercalants containing single types of functional groups. We also demonstrate the tunability of electrical conductivity, infrared emissivity, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. Our approach offers a starting point to explore the potential of MXene-biomacromolecule composites for electronics and photonics applications.
  • Measurement of complex optical susceptibility for individual carbon nanotubes by elliptically polarized light excitation
    (2018-12-01) Yao, Fengrui; Liu, Can; Chen, Cheng; Zhang, Shuchen; Zhao, Qiuchen; Xiao, Fajun; Wu, Muhong; Li, Jiaming; Gao, Peng; Zhao, Jianlin; Bai, Xuedong; Maruyama, Shigeo; Yu, Dapeng; Wang, Enge; Sun, Zhipei; Zhang, Jin; Wang, Feng; Liu, Kaihui
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The complex optical susceptibility is the most fundamental parameter characterizing light-matter interactions and determining optical applications in any material. In one-dimensional (1D) materials, all conventional techniques to measure the complex susceptibility become invalid. Here we report a methodology to measure the complex optical susceptibility of individual 1D materials by an elliptical-polarization-based optical homodyne detection. This method is based on the accurate manipulation of interference between incident left- (right-) handed elliptically polarized light and the scattering light, which results in the opposite (same) contribution of the real and imaginary susceptibility in two sets of spectra. We successfully demonstrate its application in determining complex susceptibility of individual chirality-defined carbon nanotubes in a broad optical spectral range (1.6–2.7 eV) and under different environments (suspended and in device). This full characterization of the complex optical responses should accelerate applications of various 1D nanomaterials in future photonic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and bio-imaging devices.
  • Nonlinear physics of moiré superlattices
    (2024-09) Du, Luojun; Huang, Zhiheng; Zhang, Jin; Ye, Fangwei; Dai, Qing; Deng, Hui; Zhang, Guangyu; Sun, Zhipei
     A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Nonlinear physics is one of the most important research fields in modern physics and materials science. It offers an unprecedented paradigm for exploring many fascinating physical phenomena and realizing diverse cutting-edge applications inconceivable in the framework of linear processes. Here we review the recent theoretical and experimental progress concerning the nonlinear physics of synthetic quantum moiré superlattices. We focus on the emerging nonlinear electronic, optical and optoelectronic properties of moiré superlattices, including but not limited to the nonlinear anomalous Hall effect, dynamically twistable harmonic generation, nonlinear optical chirality, ultralow-power-threshold optical solitons and spontaneous photogalvanic effect. We also present our perspectives on the future opportunities and challenges in this rapidly progressing field, and highlight the implications for advances in both fundamental physics and technological innovations.
  • One-Time Pad Incoherent Encryption with Optical Meta-Ciphertext and Dynamic Visual Keys
    (2024-09-26) Li, Zhenfei; Du, Shuo; Wu, Xianfeng; Zhang, Jin; Zhang, Yuhang; Song, Kun; Liu, Yahong; Geng, Guangzhou; Zhu, Weiren; Zhao, Xiaopeng; Gu, Changzhi
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    In today’s ever-evolving information security landscape, the demand for robust encryption techniques is on the rise. Superior to traditional encryption schemes, one-time pad encryption provides unparalleled security due to its reliance on a unique, nonreusable key for each message. Here, a novel one-time pad incoherent encryption paradigm based on optical metasurface ciphertext and dynamic visual keys has been developed. The proposed encryption scheme exploits the inherent security of the one-time pad by ensuring information confidentiality through the use of a random and nonreusable key. Based on this foundation, optical metasurfaces are initially used to encode the ciphertext and visual key, introducing an additional layer of complexity and security. In addition, the system incorporates dynamic visual keys using a spatial light modulator, adding dynamic and visually intuitive dimensions to the encryption process. These dynamic keys enhance the security of the communication channel by introducing variability into the encryption parameters, making it extremely difficult for unauthorized parties to predict or analyze cryptographic patterns. The result is a highly secure and robust incoherent encryption system that can be found to have potential applications in secure communication and data protection domains.
  • Surface Current Optimization of Dipole Antenna Close to Ground Plane for 5G Mobile Applications
    (2022) Zhang, Jin; Moreno, Resti Montoya; Viikari, Ville
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    When a dipole is placed close to a ground plane, the induced currents on the ground plane are opposite to dipole currents making the entity a poor radiator. This paper presents a dipole antenna design at the ground distance of only 0.5 mm (0.04λ0 at 25 GHz). The dipole-ground interaction is tuned with reactive loading so that induced currents on the ground and those on the dipole arms contribute additively in the far field. Thus, the radiation efficiency is significantly improved when the total current reaches the peak. The value of the components are obtained through a quick circuit optimization and can be easily converted to a discrete form. This method is verified in the simulations with both the lumped and discrete elements. The results show that the proposed antenna has reached a good radiation efficiency, realized gain, and impedance matching at 25 GHz.
  • Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Wearable All-Carbon Nanotube Photodetector Arrays
    (2024-07-23) Liu, Peng; Ding, Er Xiong; Xu, Zhenyu; Cui, Xiaoqi; Du, Mingde; Zeng, Weijun; Karakassides, Anastasios; Zhang, Jin; Zhang, Qiang; Ahmed, Faisal; Jiang, Hua; Hakonen, Pertti; Lipsanen, Harri; Sun, Zhipei; Kauppinen, Esko I.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    With electronic devices evolving toward portable and high-performance wearables, the constraints of complex and wet processing technologies become apparent. This study presents a scalable photolithography/chemical-free method for crafting wearable all-carbon nanotube (CNT) photodetector device arrays. Laser-assisted patterning and dry deposition techniques directly assemble gas-phase CNTs into flexible devices without any lithography or lift-off processes. The resulting wafer-scale all-CNT photodetector arrays showcase excellent uniformity, wearability, environmental stability, and notable broadband photoresponse, boasting a high responsivity of 44 AW-1 and a simultaneous detectivity of 1.9 × 109 Jones. This research provides an efficient, versatile, and scalable strategy for manufacturing wearable all-CNT device arrays, allowing widespread adoption in wearable optoelectronics and multifunctional sensors.