Browsing by Author "Yamada, Hirofumi"

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Atomic-resolution three-dimensional hydration structures on a heterogeneously charged surface
(2017-12-01) Umeda, Kenichi; Zivanovic, Lidija; Kobayashi, Kei; Ritala, Juha; Kominami, Hiroaki; Spijker, Peter; Foster, Adam S.; Yamada, Hirofumi
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Local hydration structures at the solid-liquid interface around boundary edges on heterostructures are key to an atomic-level understanding of various physical, chemical and biological processes. Recently, we succeeded in visualising atomic-scale three-dimensional hydration structures by using ultra-low noise frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy. However, the time-consuming three-dimensional-map measurements on uneven heterogeneous surfaces have not been achieved due to experimental difficulties, to the best of our knowledge. Here, we report the local hydration structures formed on a heterogeneously charged phyllosilicate surface using a recently established fast and nondestructive acquisition protocol. We discover intermediate regions formed at step edges of the charged surface. By combining with molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that the distinct structural hydrations are hard to observe in these regions, unlike the charged surface regions, possibly due to the depletion of ions at the edges. Our methodology and findings could be crucial for the exploration of further functionalities.
Author Correction: Atomic-resolution three-dimensional hydration structures on a heterogeneously charged surface (Nature Communications DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01896-4)
(2018-12-01) Umeda, Kenichi; Zivanovic, Lidija; Kobayashi, Kei; Ritala, Juha; Kominami, Hiroaki; Spijker, Peter; Foster, Adam S.; Yamada, Hirofumi
Other contribution
The original version of the Supplementary Information associated with this Article contained an error in Supplementary Figure 9e,f in which the y-axes were incorrectly labelled from '-40' to '40', rather than the correct '-400' to '400'. The HTML has been updated to include a corrected version of the Supplementary Information. Nature Communications, 2041-1723, Volume 9, Issue 1
Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
(2017-07-27) Wolf, R.C.; Ali, Anwaar; Alonso, A.; Baldzuhn, Jürgen; Beidler, Craig; Beurskens, M.; Biedermann, C.; Bosch, H. S.; Bozhenkov, S.; Brakel, Rudolf; Dinklage, Andreas; Feng, Yue; Fuchert, G; Geiger, J.; Grulke, Olaf; Helander, P.; Hirsch, M.; Höfel, Udo; Jakubowski, M.; Knauer, Jens; Kocsis, G; König, R.; Kornejew, Petra; Kràmer-Flecken, A.; Krychowiak, M.; Landreman, Matt; Langenberg, Andreas; Laqua, H.P.; Lazerson, S.; Maaßberg, H.; Marsen, S.; Marushchenko, M.; Moseev, D; Niemann, Holger; Pablant, Novimir; Pasch, Ekkehard; Rahbarnia, Kian; Schlisio, G.; Stange, Torsten; Sunn Pedersen, T.; Svensson, J.; Szepesi, T; Trimino Mora, H.; Turkin, Yuriy; Wauters, T; Weir, Gavin; Wenzel, U.; Windisch, Thomas; Wurden, G.; Zhang, D.; Abramovic, Ivana; Äkàslompolo, S.; Aleynikov, P.; Aleynikova, Ksenia; Alzbutas, R.; Anda, G.; Andreeva, T.; Ascasibar, Enrique; Assmann, J.; Baek, S. G.; Banduch, Martin; Barbui, Tullio; Barlak, M.; Baumann, Kristin; Behr, W.; Benndorf, Andree; Bertuch, O.; Biel, Wolfgang; Birus, Dietrich; Blackwell, Boyd; Blanco, E.; Blatzheim, Marko; Bluhm, Torsten; Böckenhoff, Daniel; Bolgert, Peter; Borchardt, Matthias; Borsuk, V.; Boscary, J.; Böttger, Lukas Georg; van den Brand, H; Brandt, Ch; Bràuer, T.; Braune, H.; Brezinsek, S; Brunner, K. J.; Brünner, B.; Burhenn, R.; Buttenschön, Birger; Bykov, Victor; Calvo, Ivan; Cannas, B.; Cappa, Alvaro; Carls, Andre; Carraro, L.; Carvalho, B. B.; Castejon, Francisco; Charl, A.; Chernyshev, F.; Cianciosa, Mark; Citarella, R.; Ciupiński; Claps, G.; Cole, Elizabeth M.; Cole, M. J.; Cordella, F.; Cseh, G; Czarnecka, A; Czermak, A.; Czerski, K.; Czerwinski, M.; Czymek, G.; Da Molin, A.; Da Silva, A.; Dammertz, G.; Danielson, J.; De La Pena, Angel; Degenkolbe, Sven; Denner, P; Dhard, D. P.; Dostal, Marion; Drevlak, Michael; Drewelow, P.; Drews, Ph; Dudek, Andrzej; Dundulis, G.; Durodie, F.; Von Eeten, Paul; Effenberg, Florian; Ehrke, G.; Endler, M; Ennis, D.; Erckmann, E.; Esteban, H.; Estrada, T.; Fahrenkamp, Nils; Feist, J. H.; Fellinger, Joris; Fernandes, H.; Fietz, W. H.; Figacz, Waldemar; Fontdecaba, J.; Ford, O; Fornal, Tomasz; Frerichs, H.; Freund, A.; Führer, M.; Funaba, T.; Galkowski, A.; Gantenbein, G.; Gao, Y.; García Regaña, J.; Garcia-Munoz, M; Gates, D.; Gawlik, G.; Geiger, B.; Giannella, V.; Gierse, N.; Gogoleva, Alena; Goncalves, Bruno; Goriaev, A.; Gradic, Dorothea; Grahl, Michael; Green, J.; Grosman, A.; Grote, Heinz; Gruca, M.; Guerard, Carlos; Haiduk, L.; Han, Xiaofeng; Harberts, F.; Harris, J. H.; Hartfuß, H.-J.; Hartmann, D.; Hathiramani, Dag; Hein, Bernd; Heinemann, B; Heitzenroeder, P.; Henneberg, Sophia; Hennig, C.; Hernandez Sanchez, J.; Hidalgo, C.; Hölbe, Hauke; Hollfeld, K. P.; Hölting, Alf; Höschen, D.; Houry, Michael; Howard, J.; Huang, X.; Huber, M.; Huber, Valentina; Hunger, H.; Ida, K.; Ilkei, T; Illy, S.; Israeli, Ben; Ivanov, A.; Jablonski, Slowomir; Jagielski, J.; Jelonnek, J.; Jenzsch, Hartmut; Junghans, P.; Kacmarczyk, J.; Kaliatka, T.; Kallmeyer, Johann Peter; Kamionka, Ute; Karalevicius, R.; Kasahara, Hiroshi; Kasparek, W.; Kenmochi, Naoki; Keunecke, M.; Khilchenko, A.; Kinna, D. J.; Kleiber, Ralf; Klinger, T.; Knaup, M.; Kobarg, Th; Köchl, F.; Kolesnichenko, Yaroslav; Könies, Axel; Köppen, M.; Koshurinov, J.; Koslowski, R; Köster, Friedemann; Koziol, R.; Kràmer, M.; Krampitz, Rüdiger; Kraszewsk, P.; Krawczyk, N.; Kremeyer, Thierry; Krings, Th; Krom, JG; Krzesinski, G.; Ksiazek, I.; Kubkowska, M.; Kühner, Georg; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kwak, Sehyun; Lang, Karl R.; Langish, S.; Laqua, H.; Laube, Ralph; Lechte, C.; Lennartz, M.; Leonhardt, W.; Lewerentz, L.; Liang, Y.; Linsmeier, Ch.; Liu, S. C.; Lobsien, Jim Felix; Loesser, D.; Loizu Cisquella, J.; Lore, J. D.; Lorenz, A.; Losert, M.; Lubyako, L.; Lücke, A.; Lumsdaine, A.; Lutsenko, VN; Majano-Brown, J.; Marchuk, O.; Mardenfeld, M.; Marek, P.; Massidda, S.; Masuzaki, S.; Maurer, D.; McCarthy, Kieran; McNeely, Paul; Meier, A.; Mellein, D.; Mendelevitch, B.; Mertens, Ph.; Mikkelsen, DR; Mishchenko, O.; Missal, Bernd; Mittelstaedt, Joseph; Mizuuchi, T.; Mollen, Albert; Moncada, Victor; Mönnich, Thomas; Morizaki, T.; Munk, R.; Murakami, S.; Musielok, F.; Náfrádi, G.; Nagel, Mathias; Naujoks, Dirk; Neilson, G. Hutch; Neubauer, O.; Neuner, U.; Ngo, Tran Tranh; Nocentini, R.; Nührenberg, Carolin; Nührenberg, Jürgen; Obermayer, S.; Offermanns, G.; Ogawa, K.; Ongena, J.; Oosterbeek, J. W.; Orozco, G.; Otte, M.; Pacios Rodriguez, L.; Pan, Wei; Panadero, N.; Panadero Alvarez, N.; Panin, A.; Papenfuß, D.; Paqay, S.; Pavone, Andrea; Pawelec, Ewa; Pelka, G.; Peng, Xiaoniu; Perseo, Valeria; Peterson, Ben; Pieper, A.; Pilopp, Dirk; Pingel, S.; Pisano, F.; Plaum, B; Plunk, Gabriel; Povilaitis, M.; Preinhaelter, J.; Proll, Josefine; Puiatti, M.E.; Puig Sitjes, A.; Purps, Frank; Rack, M.; Récsei, S.; Reiman, A.; Reiter, D.; Remppel, F.; Renard, S.; Riedl, R; Riemann, Jörg; Rimkevicius, S.; Riße, K.; Rodatos, A.; Röhlinger, H.; Romé, M.; Rong, Peter; Roscher, H. J.; Roth, B.; Rudischhauser, Lukas; Rummel, Kerstin; Rummel, Thomas; Runov, A.; Rust, Norbert; Ryc, L.; Ryosuke, S.; Sakamoto, R.; Samartsev, A.; Sanchez, M.; Sano, F.; Satake, Shinsuke; Satheeswaran, G.; Schacht, Jörg; Schauer, F.; Scherer, T.; Schlaich, A.; Schlüter, K. H.; Schmitt, J.; Schmitz, Hans Christian; Schmitz, O; Schmuck, S.; Schneider, M; Schneider, W; Scholz, M.; Scholz, P.; Schrittwieser, R; Schröder, Michael; Schröder, Timo; Schroeder, R.; Schumacher, Hans Werner; Schweer, B.; Shanahan, B.; Shikhovtsev, I. V.; Sibilia, M.; Sinha, Priyanjana; Sipilä, Seppo; Skodzik, J.; Slaby, Christoph; Smith, Håkan; Spiess, W.; Spong, D. A.; Spring, Anett; Stadler, Rolf; Standley, Brian; Stephey, Laurie; Stoneking, Matthew; Stridde, Uwe; Sulek, Z.; Surko, C.; Suzuki, Y.; Szabó, V.; Szabolics, T.; Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z.; Tamura, Naoyuki; Terra, A.; Terry, J.L.; Thomas, J. D.; Thomsen, H.; Thumm, M.; Thun, C.P; Timmermann, D.; Titus, P.; Toi, K.; Travere, J. M.; Traverso, Paolo; Tretter, J.; Tsuchiya, Hayato; Tsujimura, T.; Tulipán, S.; Turnyanskiy, M.; Unterberg, B.; Urban, Maximilian J.; Urbonavicius, E.; Vakulchyk, I.; Valet, Swetlana; Van Millingen, B.; Vela, Luis; Velasco, Jose Luis; Vergote, Maarten; Vervier, M.; Vianello, N; Viebke, Holger; Vilbrandt, Reinhard; Vorkörper, A.; Wadle, S.; Wagner, Friedrich; Wang, Erhui; Wang, Nan; Warmer, Felix; Wegener, Lutz; Weggen, J.; Wei, Y.; Wendorf, Jörg; Werner, Andreas; Wiegel, Burkhard; Wilde, Fabian; Winkler, E.; Winters, Victoria; Wolf, N. S.; Wolowski, J.; von Wright, A.; Xanthopoulos, Pavlos; Yamada, Hirofumi; Yamada, Ichihiro; Yasuhara, Ryo; Yokoyama, Masayuki; Zajac, J.; Zarnstorff, MC; Zeitler, J. Axel; Zhang, H.; Zhu, Jun; Zilker, Manfred; Zimbal, Andreas; Zocco, Alessandro; Zoletnik, S.; Zuin, M.
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
After completing the main construction phase of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and successfully commissioning the device, first plasma operation started at the end of 2015. Integral commissioning of plasma start-up and operation using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and an extensive set of plasma diagnostics have been completed, allowing initial physics studies during the first operational campaign. Both in helium and hydrogen, plasma breakdown was easily achieved. Gaining experience with plasma vessel conditioning, discharge lengths could be extended gradually. Eventually, discharges lasted up to 6 s, reaching an injected energy of 4 MJ, which is twice the limit originally agreed for the limiter configuration employed during the first operational campaign. At power levels of 4 MW central electron densities reached 3 1019 m-3, central electron temperatures reached values of 7 keV and ion temperatures reached just above 2 keV. Important physics studies during this first operational phase include a first assessment of power balance and energy confinement, ECRH power deposition experiments, 2nd harmonic O-mode ECRH using multi-pass absorption, and current drive experiments using electron cyclotron current drive. As in many plasma discharges the electron temperature exceeds the ion temperature significantly, these plasmas are governed by core electron root confinement showing a strong positive electric field in the plasma centre.
Molecular Resolution of the Water Interface at an Alkali Halide with Terraces and Steps
(2016-09-08) Ito, Fumiaki; Kobayashi, Kei; Spijker, Peter; Zivanovic, Lidija; Umeda, Kenichi; Nurmi, Tarmo; Holmberg, Nico; Laasonen, Kari; Foster, Adam S.; Yamada, Hirofumi
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Hydration structures at crystal surfaces play important roles in crystal growth or dissolution processes in liquid environments. Recently developed two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) force mapping techniques using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) allow us to visualize the hydration structures at the solid-liquid interfaces at angstrom-scale resolution in real space. Up to now, the experimental and theoretical studies on local hydration structures have mainly focused on those on the terrace, but little work has looked at step edges, usually the key areas in dissolution and growth. In this study, we measured local hydration structures on water-soluble alkali halide crystal surfaces by 2D force mapping FM-AFM. The atomic-scale hydration structures observed on the terraces agree well with molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. We also measured the hydration structures at the step edge of the NaCl(001) surface, which was constantly dissolving and growing, leading to the clear observation of atomic fluctuations. We found, with the support of MD simulations, that the hydration structures measured by FM-AFM at a time scale of a minute can be interpreted as the time-average of the hydration structures on the upper terrace and those on the lower terrace.