Browsing by Author "Wolff, Joel"

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3D-utskrift i keramikdesign: datorstyrd ringling som redskap för prototypering
(2017) Wolff, Joel
School of Arts, Design and Architecture | Bachelor's thesis
Det ligger ett påtagligt tryck på designstuderande idag att skaffa sig mer varierande kunskap om olika material och metoder än tidigare. Det leder till att studerande har mindre tid för att specialisera sig inom ett enda material. Inom keramik är användbarheten en viktig del av formgivningen, men för att effektivt mäta denna behövs modeller och prototyper, som kräver mycket tid och material eller kunskap. Hypotesen är att 3D-utskrift i lera kunde hjälpa till att försnabba prototyperingen i keramik och samtidigt spara material och tillåta större frihet i formspråk. För att förstå hur 3D-utskriftstekniken förhåller sig till äldre vanligt använd teknik för framställning av keramik, utfördes en komparativ fallstudie där 3D-utskrift i lera, som verktyg för skissning och prototypering, jämfördes med drejning och lergjutning. I jämförelsen mättes specifikt materialåtgång, tidsanvändning och teknikens inverkan på formspråket. Fallstudien visar att 3D-utskrift genom extrudering av lera möjliggör snabb tillverkning av former som vore oerhört tidskrävande att tillverka genom andra metoder. Studien visar också 3D-utskrift förbrukar i prototypering betydligt mindre material än lergjutning. Däremot visar studien att den teknik man använder sej av för prototypering i lera, har en kraftig inverkan på formspråket. Detta betyder att olika metoder för prototypering bättre tryggar en fri kreativitet inför formgivningen.
Finland’s Strategic Position in Deep Tech: Enablers and Barriers to Innovating Emerging Technologies in Finland
(2024-05-22) Heikkilä, Juuso
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
This thesis conducts an exploratory analysis of the development of technological innovations in the emerging technology areas of digital infrastructure, AI and robotics, energy and climate technology, and new materials based on 31 interviews. Its main goal is to understand how Finland can remain a leader in technological advancement and economic growth amid the observed decline of the economy’s R&D intensity. The study examines ‘scientification’ in technology, embodied in terms of ‘emerging technology’ and ‘deep tech.’ It integrates theories from economics, social sciences, management, and policy analysis. It identifies enablers and barriers to innovation in resource allocation, culture and leadership, and governance. Observed enablers include, among others, accessible research infrastructures, technology clusters, availability of early-stage funding, cultural willingness to adopt technology, and procedurally efficient administration. Barriers include poor research commercialization incentives, geographical dispersion of talent, poor availability of late-stage funding, a culture that penalizes failure and focuses on short-term gains, activity or cost-based incentive systems, fragmented innovation funding system, and others. The conclusions highlight the need to adjust innovation policy for emerging technologies. Decision-makers are urged to support the organic and non-linear development of emerging technologies. Finland is encouraged to cooperate more internationally. Finally, additional studies are proposed to understand how the roles of Finnish and EU institutions complement each other in supporting technology development. Further quantitative research is also needed to validate the findings.
The implications of technological neutrality for innovation policy design
(2024-01-24) Carpen, Juho
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
In an ideal scenario, innovation policy leads to optimal societal outcomes by allowing the market forces to determine technology choices according to the principle of technological neutrality. However, criticism of technological neutrality has increased since 2000s as the market-oriented innovation policies have failed to address major societal challenges. This study contributes to this debate by examining the implications of the principle of technological neutrality for the effective design of transformative innovation policy mixes. The general research design of this study emphasises the approach of theory elaboration and abduction while including some traits of theory generation and induction. The empirical part of this study is conducted as an embedded single case study to analyse the role of technological neutrality in the Finnish innovation system. The final sample is a unique combination of 32 interviews, including a broad range of actors in the Finnish innovation system, and all 55 Finnish parliamentary discussions in 2014 – 2023 where technological neutrality was discussed. The data was analysed by following the principles of reflexive thematic analysis to identify and develop themes from the data. Finally, the empirical results were integrated into the theory-based models which were developed as part of the literature review. The main findings of this study are twofold. First, this study suggests that technological neutrality impacts innovation policy outcomes through three intermediate policy goals: (1) fairness, (2) technological goals, and (3) policy sustainability. The policy makers should pursue the desired goals by customising the policy design related to technological neutrality with different governance arrangements, policy goal boundary setting, and five different techniques to operationalise technological neutrality. Both technology neutral and specific policies can be justified depending on the desired goal and various contextual factors. Second, this study proposes a process for designing policy mixes from the perspective of technological neutrality by connecting the implications of technological neutrality into broader policy mix context. In conclusion, this study recommends taking a pragmatic approach to applying technological neutrality in policy design.
Innovation Ecosystems as Communities of Practise : Technologies for Incentivising Collaboration Amongst Competing Actors
(2024-07-12) Wolff, Joel; Hakanen, Esko; Marttila, Jarno
A3 Kirjan tai muun kokoomateoksen osa
Recent conceptual advancements in the corporate social responsibility literature emphasise the necessity to increase collaboration and cooperation between corporations and across sectors of society. Such cooperation is argued to produce innovation that better targets contemporary societal challenges and ensures a positive societal impact from business activities. This implies a need for actors to cocreate solutions beyond their immediate business focus. The resulting cocreation structures are often described as “ecosystems” in the management literature. However, these ecosystems typically require coopetition, i.e., a combination of cooperation and competition associated with elevated risk due to uncertain returns on the made investments. Hence, there is a dire need for incentive mechanisms that overcome these obstacles. This chapter presents a solution based on decentralisation technology (i.e., blockchain) offering a novel mechanism for incentivising coopetition. Our work connects tightly to the literature on ecosystems and communities. Informed by an examination of their similarities and differences, we infer that the requested incentive mechanisms for an ecosystem may be tested on a smaller scale in the community setting. The presented technology offers the ability to create secure digital records of activities beyond what conventional financial accounts can cover. An early pilot in a professional community setting shows promising results for increasing incentives towards meeting predefined collective goals. Based on the results of the pilot, we argue that a similar technology may alleviate key obstacles to increased coopetition in ecosystems. Overall, we posit that new digital technologies enable the development of effective mechanisms for incentivising collaboration amongst competing actors. We also present a tangible solution for overcoming significant practical barriers to advancing coopetition in (business) ecosystems. We argue that effective coopetition enables an accelerated innovation rate to solve the increasingly complex challenges facing societies worldwide.
Managing the disruption of mobility services: How to align the value propositions of key ecosystem players
(2021-04) Wolff, Joel; Hakanen, Esko
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Many industries nowadays are facing drastic changes that enable and require new forms of interdependencies that facilitate complex ecosystems of interconnected actors. This paper investigates such a transformation facing the mobility sector, as user-centric bundles of mobility services are being introduced and compiled, by referring to the Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) concept. In the process, new value propositions arise that call for aligning the established players with new entrants. The implementation of MaaS is still in its infancy, and many open questions remain about how local authorities should support its emergence. One key challenge relates to decomposing the focal offering of the MaaS ecosystem into complementary value propositions for key players in the industry. This paper presents the results of a constructive design research project, building on interviews with a leading MaaS provider, as well as stakeholders representing national and local authorities in four European cities. The findings emphasize the need to balance a shared desire to disrupt conventional ways of offering mobility services against reluctance to overturn the industry's public and private incumbents. The co-design framework that results serves to summarize five steps that enable MaaS by guiding strategic interaction between local authorities and various players in the mobility ecosystem. In addition, the article builds on ecosystem research insights and emphasizes the need to align value propositions among multiple stakeholders. The study suggests that the mobility sector provides a prominent empirical context for future ecosystem research.
Preparing for MaaS: developing an intermediate design framework for the European local authority looking to enable Mobility-as-a-Service
(2020) Wolff, Joel
School of Arts, Design and Architecture | Master's thesis
The mobility sector is currently under strong pressure to adapt to rapid digitalisation and strong urbanisation, while contributing to climate change mitigation. Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is a concept that is expected to alleviate this pressure and simultaneously provide better services to citizens. However, how MaaS should be governed and how policies and regulation may be utilized for desired results still lack conclusive answers. This seems to cause confusion among local authorities interested in enabling MaaS. This thesis constitutes a part of a broader project with the aim of developing an intermediate design framework for local MaaS development in Europe. In this thesis, I use an iterative design process to establish requirements for such a framework. The iterative design process consisted of two main activities: data collection and analysis, and consequent design development. As part of my data collection, I conducted interviews with officials from different local authorities in Europe to uncover major challenges facing authorities within different contexts. In addition, I conducted interviews with experts from organisations involved in enabling MaaS in Finland to get an indepth view of MaaS developments in a local context. To verify the prototype developed based on interview data, I held a focus group discussion with experts working in both Finland and Europe. In this thesis, I show that there is a need for an intermediate design framework which can assist local authorities establish how to enable local or regional MaaS. Furthermore, I argue that the framework should build on previously created frameworks and tools, while simultaneously acknowledging that MaaS should be one of the solutions to a wider regional strategy for sustainable and smart mobility. Additionally, I propose a framework describing the key aspects a local authority must acknowledge when defining how a local or regional MaaS ecosystem should be comprised. The framework I propose in this thesis is the starting point for developing a comprehensive intermediate design framework in collaboration with European local authorities.
Self-Regulation and Code of Conduct in the Community : Four Pilots on Utilising Decentralisation Technologies for Improving Sustainability and Collective Governance
(2024-07-12) Hakanen, Esko; Wolff, Joel; Eloranta, Ville; Shaw, Claire
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Decentralisation technologies, such as those based on blockchain, provide exciting possibilities to coordinate cooperative actions and contributions of independent actors in favour of more sustainable operations. These technologies offer means to operationalise and define rules for the code of conduct for community members and create incentive mechanisms to motivate self-regulation among individuals. However, while such technologies add ways to increase alignment and avoid selfish actions, they are often perceived as technologically complex and challenging to comprehend and rarely utilised in solving collective, practical problems. We challenge this notion based on four practical pilot experiments utilising novel decentralisation technology to engage community members toward more sustainable operations for collective benefits. The four pilots demonstrate how decentralisation technology can support highly different communities to better attain their goals: “Tracey” provides reliable catch and trade data on tuna fishing; “Barcelona Green Shops” encourages more sustainable shopping behaviour; “Food Futures” measures the environmental sustainability of meal choices; “Streamr Community” incentivises open-source software development. All the pilots have made the solution easy to approach for the intended audience, greatly simplifying the complexity related to the technological protocols. These successes illustrate how translation practices facilitate self-regulation and a shared code of conduct for the community. The evidence and insights drawn from these pilots pave the way toward more sustainable and inclusive business models. We explain how effective translation of digital solutions is highly impactful in reducing social struggles on a global scale. We highlight why the formalised protocols enable effective self-regulation and align actions to benefit the community. Our work illustrates how decentralisation technologies can foster sustainable, collective governance for a more prosperous future for partnerships, people, and the planet.
Sustainability transitions by ecosystem innovation
(2023) Wolff, Joel; Jakubik, Maria; Siltaloppi, Jaakko; Wolff, Lili-Ann; Hakanen, Esko
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