Browsing by Author "Wojcieszyk, Michal"

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  • Advanced biofuels to decarbonise European transport by 2030: Markets, challenges, and policies that impact their successful market uptake
    (2021-03-03) Panoutsou, Calliope; Germer, Sonja; Karka, Paraskevi; Papadokostantakis, Stavros; Kroyan, Yuri; Wojcieszyk, Michal; Maniatis, Kyriakos; Marchand, Philippe; Landalv, Ingvar
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Advanced biofuels are among the available options to decarbonise transport in the short to medium term especially for aviation, marine and heavy-duty vehicles that lack immediate alternatives. Their production and market uptake, however, is still very low due to several challenges arising across their value chain. So far policy has established targets and monitoring frameworks for low carbon fuels and improved engine performance but has not yet been sufficient to facilitate their effective market uptake. Their market roll-out must be immediate if the 2030 targets are to be met. Analysis in this paper reiterates that the future deployment of these fuels, in market shares that can lead to the desired decarbonisation levels, still depends largely on the integration of tailored policy interventions that can overcome challenges and improve upstream and downstream performance. The work presented aims to i) inform on policy relevant challenges that restrict the flexible, reliable and cost-efficient market uptake of sustainable advanced biofuels for transport, and ii) highlight policy interventions that, have strong potential to overcome the challenges and are relevant to current policy, Green Deal and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
  • Alternative fuels for heavy-duty trucks: technological challenges and costs
    (2021-05-01) Salminen, Robin
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Application of Synthetic Renewable Methanol to Power the Future Propulsion
    (2020-09-15) Santasalo-Aarnio, Annukka; Nyari, Judit; Wojcieszyk, Michal; Kaario, Ossi; Kroyan, Yuri; Magdeldin, Mohamed; Larmi, Martti; Järvinen, Mika
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    As CO2 emissions from traffic must be reduced and fossil-based traffic fuels need to phase out, bio-based traffic fuels alone cannot meet the future demand due to their restricted availability. Another way to support fossil phase-out is to include synthetic fuels that are produced from circular carbon sources with renewable energy. Several different fuel types have been proposed, while, methanol only requires little processing from raw materials and could be used directly or as a drop-in fuel for some of the current engine fleet. CO2 emissions arising from fuel production are significantly reduced for synthetic renewable methanol compared to the production of fossil gasoline. Methanol has numerous advantages over the currently used fossil fuels with high RON and flame speed in spark-ignition engines as well as high efficiency and low emissions in combustion ignition engines. Feasible options for engine development or upgrading for methanol have been presented separately in the past work but not considering the whole value chain. The results indicate that high concentration methanol blends will increase significantly tank-to-wheel efficiency, lower energy consumption and CO2 emissions, while their volumetric fuel consumption will increase compared to gasoline, due to the low calorific content of methanol. The work visualizes the impact on CO2 emissions for methanol-fueled transport applications and overall suitability for propulsion. For marine sector, successful demonstrations reveal high maturity of engine technology using methanol fuel. This work also highlights further development needs of synthetic renewable methanol to become a sustainable future transport fuel.
  • Developing advanced liquid biofuels for marine transportation
    (2019-04-21) Frestadius, Iikka
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Effect of Alternative Fuels on Marine Engine Performance
    (2019-12-19) Wojcieszyk, Michal; Kroyan, Yuri; Larmi, Martti; Kaario, Ossi; Zenger, Kai
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    Marine transportation sector is highly dependent on fossil-based energy carriers. Decarbonization of shipping can be accomplished by implementing biobunkers into an existing maritime fuel supply chain. However, there are many compatibility issues when blending new biocomponents with their fossil-based counterparts. Thus, it is of high importance to predict the effect of fuel properties on marine engine performance, especially for new fuel blends. In the given work, possible future solutions concentrated on liquid fuels are taken into account. Under consideration are such fuels as biodiesel (FAME), hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), straight vegetable oil (SVO), pyrolysis oil, biocrude, and methanol. Knowledge about the behavior of new fuel in an existing engine is notably important for decision makers and fuel producers. Hence, the main goal of the present work is to create a model, which can predict the engine performance from the end-user perspective. For the purpose of modeling, only the latest research on marine fuels is taken into account. In the current approach, results from a representative measurement set-up are compared in order to create a uniform model. As a result, all the provided data are expressed in relative changes in reference to standard marine fuel-heavy fuel oil (HFO). The modeling Is performed by means of multilinear regression and accuracy of the model is relatively high, with a coefficient of determination over 0.9. The outcomes provide a prediction of final engine performance for the specified fuel blend. Knowing the final properties of fuel (such as calorific value, density, viscosity), it is attainable to estimate fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and determine possible fuel compatibility issues. Moreover, the model enables estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2) tailpipe emissions, which should be included in the whole Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) while assessing the renewability index of the fuel.
  • The effect of chemical composition on diesel cold properties
    (2023-08-22) Ikonen, Jenni
     Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
  • Low-speed pre-ignition and super-knock in spark-ignition engines
    (2020-06-15) Rönn, Kristian
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    The effort to reduce CO2emissions and fuel consumption of light-duty vehicleshas driven the trend of downsizing spark-ignition engines during the 21st century.The reduction of engine displacement while simultaneously maintaining or increasingpower output has given rise to engines with break mean effective pressures (BMEP) exceeding 20 bar. This increase in power density has been promoted by applying direct-injection and turbocharging in modern engines. As a result of switching to higher power densities, the automotive industry has faced an abnormal combustion phenomenon known as super-knock. Super-knock is an issue during low-speed and high-load operation and is characterized by violent pressure oscillation within the cylinder, thus posing a high risk of damaging the engine. It is a rare event and is attributed to low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) of the fuel-air mixture. LSPI and super-knock have been increasingly more popular as a research area during the last decade, but yet many questions about causing mechanisms and impacting parameters remain unanswered. This master's thesis addresses LSPI and super-knock through a literature review, in which the underlying mechanisms and impacting factors are investigated. Furthermore, it functions as a plan for an upcoming measurement campaign, which studies the impact of heat of vaporization, lower heating value and octane sensitivity on LSPI and super-knock using six surrogate fuel blends. The literature review shows that LSPI is primarily considered to be a result of oil droplets or deposits entering the combustion chamber, while the formation of super-knock appears to be dictated by the development of deflagration to developing detonation after autoignition of end-gases. Furthermore, it is determined that LSPI can be mitigated by using optimized injection strategies, fuels with high volatility and low aromatic contents and engine oil detergents with low calcium contents.
  • Modeling the end-use performance of alternative fuels in light-duty vehicles
    (2020-08-15) Kroyan, Yuri; Wojcieszyk, Michal; Kaario, Ossi; Larmi, Martti; Zenger, Kai
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Present study investigates the end-use performance of alternative liquid fuels in the current fleet of unmodified light-duty vehicle (LDV) engines. Two mathematical models have been developed that represent the way that various fuel properties affect fuel consumption in spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engines. Fuel consumption is represented by the results from the New European Driving Cycles (NEDC) in order to reflect the end-use impact. Data-driven black-box modeling and multilinear regression methods were applied to obtain both models. Additionally, quantitative analysis was performed to ensure the statistical significance of inputs (p-value below 5%). Fuel consumption (output) of various alternative fuels can be estimated with high accuracy (coefficient of determination above 0.96), knowing fuel properties (inputs) such as lower heating value, density, cetane/octane number, and oxygen content. The validation procedures confirmed the quality of predictions for both models with the average error being below 2.3%. The model performance for the examined fuels such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and ethanol blends showed significant CO2 reduction with high accuracy. Moreover, both models could be used to estimate CO2 tailpipe emissions and are applicable to various liquid SI/CI fuels for LDV engines.
  • Modeling the Impact of Alternative Fuel Properties on Light Vehicle Engine Performance and Greenhouse Gases Emissions
    (2019-12-19) Kroyan, Yuri; Wojcieszyk, Michal; Larmi, Martti; Kaario, Ossi; Zenger, Kai
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    The present-day transport sector needs sustainable energy solutions. Substitution of fossil-fuels with fuels produced from biomass is one of the most relevant solutions for the sector. Nevertheless, bringing biofuels into the market is associated with many challenges that policymakers, feedstock suppliers, fuel producers, and engine manufacturers need to overcome. The main objective of this research is an investigation of the impact of alternative fuel properties on light vehicle engine performance and greenhouse gases (GHG). The purpose of the present study is to provide decision-makers with tools that will accelerate the implementation of biofuels into the market. As a result, two models were developed, that represent the impact of fuel properties on engine performance in a uniform and reliable way but also with very high accuracy (coefficients of determination over 0.95) and from the end-user point of view. The inputs of the model are represented by fuel properties, whereas output by fuel consumption (FC). The parameters are represented as percentage changes relative to standard fossil fuel, which is gasoline for spark ignition (SI) engines and diesel for compression ignition (CI) engines. The methodology is based on data-driven black-box modeling (input-output relation). The multilinear regression was performed using the data from driving cycles such as the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) and New European Driving Conditions (NEDC). The FC of SI engines proved to be dependent on mass-based Net Calorific Value (NCV), Research Octane Number (RON), oxygen content and density. However, CI engines performance is affected by NCV, density and Cetane Number (CN). The models were additionally subject to quantitative analysis, where input parameters in both models turned out to be statistically significant (p-value below 5%). Additionally, the validation stage consisted of residual analysis confirmed the accuracy of both models. The GHG part estimates the change of carbon dioxide emissions based on fuel consumption, which represents the tailpipe emissions.
  • Modeling the impact of electrofuels on marine engine performance
    (2024-06-10) Ghauri, Ahmed
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    This research work as a part of CASEMATE project aims to contribute to a sustainable society by the utilization of alternative fuels. This study focusses on the impact of fuel properties on diesel engine performance, and it has been benefited by numerous literature reviews and scientific articles. There is noticeable relationship between fuel properties and operating parameters of engine. Fuels that are studied in this research work are HFO, LFO, LNG, methanol, and ammonia. The main objective is to perform a mathematical modeling using multilinear regression technique for these fuels to evaluate the engine efficiency. Density, cetane number, net calorific value and air fuel ratio are chosen as critical fuel properties. The results obtained from the modeling include the model equation that clarifies the relationship between these fuel properties and energy-based fuel consumption in kJ/kWh. Mathematical model developed in this study predicts performance of engine according to fuel consumption (FC) from end user perspective. In the study, the mathematical modeling has been performed on relative values, where input and output values are presented as percentage changes relative to the HFO which is kept as reference. Moreover, the accuracy is confirmed through R-square value 0,94101, which indicates a particularly strong fit with good absolute error 0,689, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) 0,68 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 0,88 in fuel consumption. Cross validation is also performed to further confirms the accuracy of the model, which demonstrates the average errors and P-values within acceptable ranges of MAE 0,91 and RMSE 1,14. This is the first study in this field which utilizes the mathematical modeling of dual-fuel engine process. The results and findings from the study offers important insights to optimize the fuel mixtures for the performance and efficiency of engine, contributing to the advancement in the sustainability in maritime fuel usage.
  • Modeling the impact of fuel properties on compression ignition engine performance
    (2018-05-14) Wojcieszyk, Michal
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Renewable fuels are of a great importance when aiming at decreased dependency from fossil resources in the transportation sector. This thesis, being part of ADVANCEFUEL project, encompasses examination of alternative fuels for light-duty engine purposes. Special attention is paid to the impact of fuel properties on modern compression ignition (CI) engine performance. The results are based on extensive literature review from publicly available sources. Interference between fuel properties and engine operating conditions is observed. Modeling is performed by multilinear regression method using data from driving cycles such as New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). Only representative, passenger car engine data is taken into account. Analyzed fuels and their blends with standard diesel are as follows: biodiesel (FAME), hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), biomass- or gas-to-liquid diesel (BTL/GTL). Density, lower heating value (LHV), viscosity, cetane number, oxygen and carbon content are selected as key fuel properties. The developed model predicts engine performance in terms of fuel consumption (FC) and CO2 emissions from the end-user point of view. It enables to estimate a relative change of performance indicators in reference to standard fossil-based diesel. Based on literature sources, the maximum change of FC is +11,8% in case of pure FAME and -3,25% in case of HVO blends. The model satisfies theoretical values with good accuracy (average absolute error of 0,85% in FC). A promising potential in FC reduction is observed for high cetane number paraffinic diesel, including HVO. Finally, predictions of CO2 emissions are based on outcomes from FC model and they indicate only tailpipe emissions changes.