Browsing by Author "Volkova, Anna"
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- Primary Energy Factors for Different District Heating Networks: An Estonian Example
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa(2016) Latõšov, Eduard; Kurnitski, Jarek; Thalfeldt, Martin; Volkova, AnnaThis paper examines the variation of the PEFs for DH networks in Estonia. The Estonian average DH PEF as well as for DH networks with different configurations are calculated based on principles described in EVS-EN 15316-4-5:2007. The initial data for calculation of Estonian DH PEF is from Statistics Estonia. The calculation results are analyzed and compared with the existing DH PEF. The conclusive part consists of the observed compliance of valid PEF value and its determination principles with the definition and nature of PEFs. The main discrepancies are highlighted and analyzed. The possibilities to minimize or avoid them are given. - Transition towards university campus carbon neutrality by connecting to city district heating network
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä(2022-11) Hiltunen, Pauli; Volkova, Anna; Latõšov, Eduard; Lepiksaar, Kertu; Syri, SannaThe campus of Tallinn University of Technology consists of 26 buildings with a total annual heat demand of approximately 20 GWh. A local natural gas-fired boiler provides annually approximately 13 GWh of heating to 12 buildings in the campus and 14 buildings are connected to district heating system. This paper analyses the possibilities of replacing the natural gas boiler with district heating. Two systems were modelled using EnergyPRO software and compared to the reference system of the local boiler and heating network: connection to an existing high-temperature district heating network and a low-temperature energy cascade. All the three systems were modelled with two different energy price scenarios. The results were analysed from the perspective of the university campus and the entire city's system. The low-temperature energy cascade connection to the city's network will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 955 tonnes CO2. The conventional high-temperature connection would reduce the emission by 765 tons CO2. District heating connection will also lead to primary energy savings supporting the university's efforts towards achieving its sustainable development goals. The low -temperature energy cascade utilising the return water of the city's district heating network reduces the heat losses and increases the efficiency of heat and electricity production when compared to the systems with separate campus heating or the conventional high-temperature district heating. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.