Browsing by Author "Singh, Vishal"

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  • Ajankohtaiset lähestymistavat tietomallintamisen (BIM) opettamiseen
    (2017-04-24) Muuronen, Sebastian
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Applications of artificial intelligence in bridge engineering
    (2019-03-11) Vakati, Bhavyasree
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    The term artificial intelligence is related to computer engineering, but since 1950s the applications of AI have been done in the field of bridge engineering. Machine learning is one of the branches in artificial intelligence, which allows the new way of access to the hidden structure in data. Initially, in this thesis, a basic knowledge of AI and machine learning is studied. Secondly, some of the applications done by neural networks, genetic algorithms and expert systems are reviewed. This thesis investigates the possibilities of using AI to enhance the bridge design and maintenance which could help the designer in their tedious process. A survey was conducted with the bridge engineering professionals to find the areas in the design process where AI could help to make the designer’s process less tedious. For the thesis, two simple case studies were demonstrated by utilizing machine learning techniques, imputation and symbol recognition. Methods were applied against a simple bridge related dataset. The imputation techniques were used to impute the missing parameters in the bridge dataset though the results seemed to be biased, the work was made as a general demonstration application rather than for real use case. A convolutional neural network model was developed to recognize the presence of a coordinate arrow symbol from the noisy image, model has obtained an accuracy of 99.8% was obtained. The thesis concluded that in today’s world, AI has not been still used in bridge design. According to interviews, there could be multiple possibilities of AI to enhance the routine tasks and error checks. On basis of case studies at least symbol recognition has the real potential in present technologies. In future, symbol recognition can be extended to teach old drawings to machines which are in the design office.
  • Applying product design and digital construction methodologies to conceptualize modular and distributed healthcare facilities
    (2016-06-13) Ghazanfari, Ehsan
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    In this thesis, conceptual explorations in the design of modular smart health care facilities have been sought for. A new approach towards the modular design of distantly connected built environments has been introduced that can serve to improve the quality of health care services. The results of this research led to developing a new concept for an engineering product that can have diverse use cases. The proposed healthcare unit concept can be used as a single patient room in hospitals or in patient’s home and can create a compactable, clean, sanitized, customized, and relaxing space for patients or for the elderly who need special care, making it possible to monitor their status and vital signals remotely and helping to reduce infection rates in hospitals. The user requirements for the product, the product design and development methods, manufacturing methods, and management and lifecycle issues were considered during the concept design. In the course of design, while many established product development and engineering design methodologies were used, new engineering design methodologies were also developed for measuring resource effectiveness of the design solutions. The newly developed measures can be utilized in a variety of design practices. The validity of the newly introduced methodologies was checked with the designed product as a case study and with the help of workshops and other case studies. This thesis can be looked into as a sample of a systematic design decision making for designing buildings and structures and the results of such a design can be a revolutionary view towards connected modular facilities. Engineering design principles such as Structure Sharing, Affordance, Prototyping, Design Engineering, QFD Analysis, Modularization, etc. and design and manufacturing technologies such as Direct Digital Manufacturing(DDM), 3D Printing, CNC Laser Cutting, CAD and 3D Modeling, MCAD and Simulations, Rendering and Visualizations, Virtual Reality (VR), etc. were reviewed and utilized in the course of this Master’s thesis.
  • Assessing alternatives for using building information models to manage initial information in building renovation projects
    (2014-05-19) Helander, David
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    This thesis studies the potential use of building information models for managing the useful minimum initial information in renovation projects. A building information model (BIM) is a digital representation of the physical and functional properties of a building. This research seeks answers to the questions (1) what information is needed in the early phases of a renovation project? (2) how can this information be managed with BIMs? (3) how is value added to the facility owner through the use of BIM in these stages? (4) when and how should inventory models be created? and (5) how should building information models be maintained? The research has been done through case studies of renovation projects at Senate Properties. In total, 21 face-to-face interviews were conducted. Among the 21 interviewees, 9 came from three different renovation case projects, 5 interviewees were associated with the need evaluation phase, and the remaining 7 interviewees were chosen based on their recognized expertise in BIM and information management. The conclusion of the thesis is that the model requirements varies across cases and project phases, such that the need for the model should be evaluated on a case-by-case and phase-by-phase basis. In general, inventory models should be created as early as possible when the need for a model is established. Models should be created for the needs in the current phase and for the current designer, and not for future phases. For managing the structural properties and dimensions of the building, a building frame model should be created by the project structural engineer in the conceptual design phase. For managing and checking the initial information, a space model including only the building spaces could be created by the project architect in the need evaluation phase.
  • An assessment of distributed building information management systems
    (2013) Kuokkanen, Jyry
     School of Engineering | Master's thesis
    Collaboration between different disciplines is a central part of any construction project. When new building information modelling (BIM) tools are replacing traditional document based workflows, collaboration can and has to change too. Building information already enables better information management for all stakeholders in the process, but the collaboration has not matured yet. Interoperability between individual applications works to some extent but more generic collaboration is still a challenge. Improving BIM-based collaboration has been one of the most important research questions and a target for further development both in Finland and globally. Different solutions have been suggested but they have not proved to be sufficient for the needs of different stakeholders. This research assesses new approaches for BIM-based collaboration. One of the main objectives is to explain distributed information management. Thus, the relationship compared to other BIM-collaboration platforms can be understood. Relations between partial models which are used as a reference model by publishing and subscribing the models of other stakeholders, create the base for the concept. Instead of having one object presenting all disciplines and their design intents in integrated centralized system, the models are not integrated. There are created relations between models and objects to maintain the consistency of the data. The semantic web as the proposed technical solution can provide many advantages fulfilling some requirements for BIM collaboration platforms. The assessment of the system is done by evaluating how applicable the general requirements for collaboration platforms are and how the new concept fulfils them. Retaining the information distributed by the authors has many advantages, but it creates some new requirements that have to be considered when the concept is developed further. Furthermore, current workflows were investigated by interviews and a workshop. The workflows create some requirements that the new information management system needs to support as well. The concept is in an early stage and there are no practical solutions that could have been used to test the system. Therefore, the real value is difficult to assess, but based on the research it can solve many of the problems current platforms have. However, the concept still requires more research and practical testing. This thesis suggests that the results of the assessment should be considered as the concept is developed further. In addition the whole concept of collaboration could be rethought and typologies could be generated accordingly.
  • Automated Layout Zoning : A Case of the Campus Design Problem
    (2023) Sahadevan, Vijayalaxmi; Borg, Kane; Singh, Vishal; Varghese, Koshy
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    Layout zoning is the foremost and crucial step in the design of large-scale greenfield construction projects. While it is known that early design decisions have significant impact on the social and environmental value of the completed facility, much of the relationship between design attributes and values are tacit knowledge. In addition to the challenges, such as the number of design alternatives that can be evaluated in a limited time, traditional methods of design generation and evaluation do not focus on capture of stakeholder defined values and their quantification for effective evaluation of design alternatives. Computational design tools provide several benefits that can be leveraged in automated design generation to overcome the limitations of conventional methods of design. However, the translation of stakeholder defined value to parametric form in automated design generation is not adequately explored in existing works. In this work, generation and evaluation is formulated in a visual programming environment -Grasshopper. The ‘growth algorithm’ discretizes the available area into numerous land parcels and allocates the parcels to seed nodes until the area requirement is satisfied. The implementation in the case of a real-world campus layout revealed that the script was able to generate layout alternatives with different configurations of zones. Further, from the case study, a set of values and their relationship with design attributes were derived. Using parametric scripting, it was illustrated how the value-based design objectives can be quantified by utilizing the layout solutions produced by the growth algorithm-based script.
  • BIM in carbon footprint analysis
    (2016-04-22) Koskinen, Maaria
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • BIM, modular design and prefabrication
    (2016-04-24) Naderahmadi, Rahim
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Combining business ecosystem analysis and product development efforts in start-ups
    (2017-08-22) Salminen, Ilmi
     Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Even though business ecosystems have been researched for more than 20 years, neither business ecosystem research, nor research on product development, business models or start-ups examines the relation of ecosystem analysis and product development. Given the gap in the literature, this thesis aims at studying the relation between ecosystem analysis and product development from a start-up perspective. The more precise aim of the thesis is to examine what kind of version of Talmar’s (2017) Ecosystem Pie Model could facilitate start-ups to consider both ecosystem analysis and product development. The research methodology consisted of interviews with both start-ups and incubators as well as one case study for validation of the findings. The research data was analysed using qualitative research methods such as coding process in inductive analysis and the Thinking Process. Based on the analysis this thesis claims that there is a conflict between prerequisites of using time on product development and using time on ecosystem analysis. Furthermore, there are often no tools to analyse and plan an ecosystem. Thus, the thesis suggests adding an extension to Talmar’s (2017) Ecosystem Pie Model to facilitate start-ups to think about the relation between ecosystem analysis and product development. The suggested tool is a graphical tool combining the ecosystem and product development approaches. The suggested extension was validated against an early-stage start-up called ResQ Club. Based on the validation with ResQ Club lead and expert interview, the key finding of this thesis is that the basic idea and logic of combining ecosystem analysis and product development seems to be useful for early-stage start-ups. However, rather than providing explicit results, this thesis aimed to introduce and define a new area that should be more precisely researched further.
  • A Computational Framework for Exploring the Socio-Cognitive Features of Teams and their Influence on Design Outcomes
    (2019-07-26) Singh, Harshika; Cascini, Gaetano; Casakin, Hernan; Singh, Vishal
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    The dynamics of design teams play a critical role in product development, mainly in the early phases of the process. This paper presents a conceptual framework of a computational model about how cognitive and social features of a design team affect the quality of the produced design outcomes. The framework is based on various cognitive and social theories grounded in literature. Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) is used as a tool to evaluate the impact of design process organization and team dynamics on the design outcome. The model describes key research parameters, including dependent, independent, and intermediates. The independent parameters include: duration of a session, number of times a session is repeated, design task and team characteristics such as size, structure, old and new members. Intermediates include: features of team members (experience, learning abilities, and importance in the team) and social influence. The dependent parameter is the task outcome, represented by creativity and accuracy. The paper aims at laying the computational foundations for validating the proposed model in the future.
  • Current Challenges in the Adoption of Digital Visual Management at Construction Sites : Exploratory Case Studies
    (2022-11) Reinbold, Ana; Lappalainen, Eelon; Seppänen, Olli; Peltokorpi, Antti; Singh, Vishal
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    In the construction industry, digitalisation has led to increasing efforts to improve construction management using digital visual management (VM) devices. Although the amount of research on digital VM (DVM) in the design phase and in the management of construction sites has also increased, its implementation during the production phase and by construction crews remains limited. The objective of this study is to explore the adoption of DVM in construction sites, assess construction workers' experiences regarding digital and analogue VM devices, and understand the challenges that hinder the adoption of such devices. This study used a mixed method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research. Data included visual site explorations, surveys of construction workers and crew managers, and unstructured interviews with site managers and development directors to assess the use of DVM devices in construction sites, the need for them and their current implementation. The findings showed that VM should be conveniently located near the job site instead of the office site, which is the current situation. Construction crews who experienced more production and schedule disruptions reported that VM supported their work, compared with crews that had fewer disruptions. VM devices on construction sites are analogue, and their usage continues to be in construction site management, which perpetuates information silos during construction projects. The findings of this study provide insights into the development and deployment of DVM devices on construction sites. Construction workers' need for visual information close at hand is of interest to both scholars and practitioners in future research and development.
  • Design of roller coasters
    (2018-08-20) Väisänen, Antti
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    This thesis combines several years of work experience in amusement industry and a literature review to present general guidelines and principles of what is included in the design and engineering of roller coasters and other guest functions attached to them. Roller coasters are iconic structures that provide safe thrills for riders. Safety is achieved using multiple safety mechanisms: for example, bogies have multiple wheels that hold trains on track, a block system prevents trains from colliding and riders are held in place with safety restraints. Regular maintenance checks are also performed to prevent accidents caused by failed parts. Roller coasters are designed using a heartline spline and calculating accelerations in all possible scenarios to prevent rollbacks and too high values of accelerations, which could cause damage to riders’ bodies. A reach envelope is applied to the spline to prevent riders from hitting nearby objects. The speed and curvature of the track combined create accelerations that need to be countered with adequate track and support structures. A track cross-section usually consists of rails, cross-ties and a spine, while support structures can vary depending on height and loads. Most coasters use circular hollow sections as supports, which are spliced using flanged connections at straight sections. Concrete footers or steel lattices are usually used as foundations for supports. To maximize the hourly ride capacity, the station area can be enhanced with individual queue gates, effective placement of employee as well as entry and exit points for riders. Queue experience can be improved with design choices, thematic elements and various queue methods that don’t necessarily involve guests standing in line. The ride experience can also be improved with thematic elements and virtual reality.
  • Developing a framework for prefabrication assesment using BIM
    (2015-01-26) Cereceda, Carlos
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu |
    Building Information Modelling is a disruptive technology in construction at this precise moment, and the opportunity to take advantage of the technology by combining it with prefabrication should not be wasted. The adoption of BIM represents a complete revolution in the construction environment, since it changes construction processes in every aspect. The purpose of this project is to present the prefabrication components clearly, for relating them with the most conceptual and theoretical concepts used in construction. This will help the designer for the design of building components. Then, BIM benefits are presented with the potential of using this technology. Designing a component is only the first step in prefabrication procedure, since the manufacturing process can seriously affect to the whole construction process. The different techniques are explored, paying special attention to 3D-Printing and Contour Crafting. One more time, these technologies align with prefabrication principles. In order to achieve the highest efficiency in the construction process, methodologies such as Buildability, Function and Structure Sharing and Mass Customization are presented, as well as their possible implementation in the construction field. Finally, some real case studies which employ prefabrication methods are studied and analyzed according to the framework and the statements made before. The project also proposes some recommendations for those who plan to conduct such studies in future.
  • Developing a framework for prefabrication assesment using BIM
    (2014) Cereceda, Carlos
     School of Engineering |
    Building Information Modelling is a disruptive technology in construction at this precise moment, and the opportunity to take advantage of the technology by combining it with prefabrication should not be wasted. The adoption of BIM represents a complete revolution in the construction environment, since it changes construction processes in every aspect. The purpose of this project is to present the prefabrication components clearly, for relating them with the most conceptual and theoretical concepts used in construction. This will help the designer for the design of building components. Then, BIM benefits are presented with the potential of using this technology. Designing a component is only the first step in prefabrication procedure, since the manufacturing process can seriously affect to the whole construction process. The different techniques are explored, paying special attention to 3D-Printing and Contour Crafting. One more time, these technologies align with prefabrication principles. In order to achieve the highest efficiency in the construction process, methodologies such as Buildability, Function and Structure Sharing and Mass Customization are presented, as well as their possible implementation in the construction field.Finally, some real case studies which employ prefabrication methods are studied and analyzed according to the framework and the statements made before. The project also proposes some recommendations for those who plan to conduct such studies in future.
  • Developing design process management in BIM based project involving infrastructure and construction engineering
    (2016-03-21) Pellinen, Pietari
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    BIM has been acknowledged as a beneficial tool for the design work in construction projects. The use of the tool has caused changes in co-operation practices and they are still developing. The meaning of the thesis was to find out the current processes of BIM collaboration and to further develop them from the perspective of design management. The use of BIM in a large scale projects, involving infrastructure engineering and construction engineering, was a subject that was not much researched before. This is why the thesis focuses on that framework. Theory of the thesis consists of BIM guidelines and project management features of lean construction, concurrent engineering, project alliancing, integrated project delivery and knotworking. Empirical data was gathered from a case project City Rail Loop in Helsinki. Empirical data includes interviews, project meeting analytics and common data area analytics. In combination of theory and empirical data, new processes for collaboration between design disciplines were developed in the thesis. In addition to new processes, a list of suggestions for BIM based design projects was developed.
  • Developing interactive connections between BIM and facilities information systems for end user functionalities
    (2017-05-08) Liu, Xi
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    BIM(Building Information Modelling) is becoming a new trend and keep adding new technologies, process and people to building industry. With the aim of expanding more benefits and Model Uses of BIM to the downstream areas and disciplines, this thesis proposes a theoretical framework and an interactive connection system between BIM and facility data for multiple end-user functionalities. Facility managers, building residents and civil engineering students are the target end users in this thesis, they are integrated into a centralized data repository via multiple corresponded user interfaces and connection systems. A data synchronization program, linking BIM model and data repository, is developed and other technologies and tools such as VisuaLynk, Augmented Reality and social media are adopted to facilitate the system process
  • Development of a BIM-enabled software tool for facility management using interactive floor plans, graph-based data management and granular information retrieval
    (2018-09-24) Zibion, Daniel
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Since its very conception Building Information Modeling incorporates the notion of using digital models—rich in geometric and semantic information—throughout the whole life cycle of a building. The creation of these models is a process tied to much effort, split by disciplines ,executed by different parties and brought together under difficult collaboration. However, in reality the effective utilization of the BIM process ends with the conclusion of the construction project. The subsequent Operation & Management phase makes little to no use of the information contained in these files, although it would be valuable resource to boost productivity. Especially the Facility Management phase, suffers from great inefficiency caused by challenges of data management and outside advances in digitization. Research suggests thatBIM is able to provide benefits for processes in FM and O&M related tasks and increase their overall efficiency, but previous attempts to introduce BIM software have remained fruitless.We argue that current solutions have failed to meet expectations and requirements by FM community, which generally lack expertise in working with CAD-like software. Instead this thesis presents a concept which puts interactive, two-dimensional floor plans at the center of a possible BIM-enabled Facility Management (FM) software tool. These floor plans are directly derived from BIM models and maintain linkage to all relevant semantic data, which is stored in a graph database. Users are able to navigate rooms, equipment and themselves on the floor plans. Further information about rooms can be accessed through 360◦photospheres—enabling remote exploration and conception—and room specific 3D model. The latter is generated beforehand and follows the underlying concept that FM seldomly requires a holistic view of the whole building but instead a cross section of many different domain models, tied by a specific location. Based on the mentioned features and concepts a prototypical web application is developed in order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution.
  • Development of systematic construction logistics using 'intelligent products'
    (2017) Mirzaeifar, Saeed; Dave, Bhargav; Singh, Vishal
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    A cost-effective transfer of materials and tools from supplier location to construction site along with efficient information flow is defined as systematic construction logistics. Development of appropriate IT mechanisms plays an essential role for simplified production planning and elimination of wastes from broken resource. The contribution of this study in construction supply chain is to design and develop an innovative logistics management framework using context-aware and autonomous product centric system. More specifically, the proposed framework is responsive to real-world circumstances by demonstration of autonomous behaviour, and support several lean principles to improve resource and information flows. This paper addresses (i) an innovative solution for overcoming the construction logistics information flow challenges based on the intelligent product concept, (ii) a requirement analysis phase using "Quality Function Deployment" to turn the product requirements into technical specifications and (iii) implementation of a logistics management framework prototype to develop a first proof-of-concept.
  • Early stage cost estimation of medium-sized construction company’s new residential building production
    (2015-05-18) Haavisto, Aila
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
  • Effective global virtual teaming
    (2017-10-30) Johansson, Niclas
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis