Browsing by Author "Semkin, Nikita"
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- Analysis and Modelling of the Balancing Energy Market in the Nordics and Finland
Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Master's thesis(2023-06-12) Irrmann, LionelThe balancing energy market is the last of multiple markets that ensure the equilibrium of electricity production and demand. It is the mechanism through which mFRR activations are procured and balances the power system within the operational hour. This thesis analyses the market design and turnout to establish a description of the balancing energy market, how does its turnout behave, and how can it be modelled. First, a literature review establishes the market rules, main design parameters and key stakeholders in the Nordic balancing energy markets, as well as main future drivers of change. Then, the characteristics of the Finnish market turnout during 2018-2022 are described with statistical data analysis. Finally, a modelling methodology for volume and premium is proposed for long-term scenario generation purposes. The balancing energy market is a real-time market with asymmetrical, marginal pricing. The Nordic synchronous grid has a common merit order with multiple market areas. The three main market actors are the System Operators, the Balancing Service Providers, and the Balancing Responsible Parties. Future drivers include planned market reforms and increasing electricity demand and variable renewable energy. The analysis shows a small market, with a growing trend in both volume and premium. Seasonality was detected at hourly and monthly level. Volume was found to be distributed consistent to a random variable. Correlations were discovered between volume and premium, but also to day-ahead price and interconnector usage, and a weak but increasing correlation to wind power. No significant increase in correlation was detected when comparing the Finnish versus Nordic level of variables. The proposed model performs acceptably when compared to historic data but does not capture all characteristics of the turnout. Further research is proposed to better capture the characteristics of the balancing energy market. - Dynamic modelling and advanced control of a vapour-compression system
Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Master's thesis(2015-08-24) Semkin, Nikita - Suurjännitekaapeleiden käytön syyt ja kustannukset
Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis(2011) Semkin, Nikita - Transmission grids supporting green transition
Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Master's thesis(2024-05-20) Sarkkinen, VeikkaGreen transition means transforming the society towards sustainability and essentially an economy that is not dependent on fossil fuels. Key part of green transition is electrification in industry and heating. The increasing electricity-intensity creates however stress for the transmission system, which must withstand vast amounts of both new renewable electricity and demand. Green transition requires a significant transformation in the industry. Electrification is a key component for decarbonisation within the existing industry and heat production. Additionally, the hydrogen economy is advancing, resulting in a major increase in electricity consumption. However, the existing available capacity for new connections in the transmission grid is limited, and transmission grid investments can take up to 10 years to realise. Thus, flexibility mechanisms for connecting new capacity are needed to mitigate potential delays. This thesis analyses the role of transmission grids in supporting the green transition in Finland, and how the transmission grid can withstand the increased demand from planned investments. First, the key components of green transition in relation to transmission system operation and development are reviewed based on literature. Then, the planned investments on green transition are analysed focusing on those large-scale projects that have a substantial impact on the electricity demand. The demand development is modelled with spatial analysis. Finally, areas with significant new electricity demand are selected for deep dives for analysing the risk of potential long-term bottlenecks in relation to transmission grid investments. The analysis shows that transmission grid bottlenecks are a serious risk in areas where especially large electrolyser-projects are planned. Overall, the planned transmission grid investments in Finland were found to be relatively well aligned with demand development when considering the uncertainty of demand-side investments. The results include however uncertainty due to the low maturity of planned investments, but the results give indication of transmission capacity adequacy in a scenario where the green transition starts accelerating with pace. Further research is proposed to the implementation of flexible connection agreements for demand connections.