Browsing by Author "Ruutu, Sampsa"

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  • Dynamic modelling for the analysis and support of systemic innovations and competition strategies
    (2018) Ruutu, Sampsa
     School of Science | Doctoral dissertation (article-based)
    The research question of the Dissertation is to look for new possibilities of dynamic modelling related to systemic innovations and competition strategies. The dynamic modelling approaches considered include qualitative and graphical models (causal loop diagrams and stock and flow diagrams) as well as quantitative simulation models (system dynamics and agent based modelling). Simulation modelling is used to show the emergent behaviour due to the interrelationships between parts of a socio-technical system. Dynamic modelling is used as an analysis tool in combination with other tools from the fields of innovation studies and foresight. Methods are developed for evaluating the impacts of innovations with system dynamics modelling. In Article 1, system dynamics modelling is applied to show different impacts of an innovation and the interrelationships between different dimensions of impacts. In Article 2, a participatory process is created for supporting the development and adoption of systemic innovations. In the process developed, system dynamics modelling is combined with foresights tools. Dynamic modelling is also used as a tool for theoretical analysis. The effects of different sources of complexity are studied. Interdependencies between parts of an innovation are examined in Article 3. As indicated by the results, the best way of organising innovative activities depends on the decomposability of the innovation. Increasing returns mechanisms are examined in Article 4. Policies to overcome the undesired effects of increasing returns mechanisms related to digital platforms are also designed and tested. In Article 5, the effects of time delays on the competition between two firms are studied. As a result of the Dissertation, new case-specific results as well as theoretic insights are obtained. Based on these observations, it is concluded that there are rich opportunities for dynamic modelling combined with other tools in the domains of innovation studies and competition strategies.
  • Improving IoT Federation Resiliency with Distributed Ledger Technology
    (2021) Elo, Tommi M.; Ruutu, Sampsa; Arzoglou, Ektor; Kortesniemi, Yki; Lagutin, Dmitrij; Hoseini, Veria; Polyzos, George C.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Despite the rapid spread of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, the lack of interoperability between the systems significantly hinders their business and societal potential. Moreover, a major challenge for wider interoperability is that the IoT systems can be owned by multiple independent entities, whose collaboration will need to be organised to ensure their interoperability. One approach for achieving this is to establish federations supported by Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), as this enables interoperability between entities and collaboration between business platforms, thereby overcoming many technical and administrative difficulties. DLTs can provide the required transparency and immutability for management of the federations, thus increasing trust and reducing the risk of misbehaviour that could destabilise the federation. This paper presents two system dynamics simulation models, which demonstrate that the success of a federation (with or without DLT support) is inversely related to the short-term selfishness of its members, and we then proceed to show that DLTs can improve the feedback received by the federation members on their actions by promoting a common consensus, which in turn can make the federation more resilient.
  • Learning Simulation Game Development
    (2015-12-14) Salmi, Juho
     Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    This thesis studies how learning simulation games should be developed and used. The empirical case study of the thesis is a development project of simulation game for EPCM (engineering, procurement and construction management) project management training. The theoretical framework of this thesis makes a synthesis of four different topics: 1) complex systems and system dynamics, 2) learning, 3) games, and 4) project management. The outcome of this thesis is the following suggestion on how simulation games should be developed and used for training purposes: The game development should begin with defining the modelling problem, and then choosing the modelling paradigm and the tools for the model and the game development. The learning goals and the target group should be derived from the problem definition. Thereafter, the model and the game should be developed iteratively, preferably while being tested by the target group. The game sessions should include debriefings to strengthen learning.
  • National sea transport demand and capacity forecasting with system dymamics
    (2008) Ruutu, Sampsa
     Helsinki University of Technology | Master's thesis
    Suurin osa Suomen ulkomaankaupasta käyttää merikuljetuksia. Tämän vuoksi satamilla on merkittävä osuus valtakunnallisessa kuljetusjärjestelmässä. Viimeaikoina satamissa on ollut myös kasvava määrä transitokuljetuksia, jotka kulkevat Suomen kautta Venäjälle. Tässä diplomityössä rakennetaan systeemidynamiikkamalli valtakunnallisen satamajärjestelmän pitkän ajan ennustamista varten. Mallin tarkoituksena on parantaa ymmärrystä kausaalimekanismeista, jotka määrittävät kokonaisjårjestelmän käyttäytymisen. Mallia voidaan käyttää makrotaloudellisten muutosten vaikutusten tutkimiseen liikennejärjestelmässä. Mallissa käsitellään yksikkökuljetuksia (kontteja, perävaunuja ja rekkoja), ja mallissa on kuvattu tärkeimmät satamat, joiden kautta yksikkökuljetukset kulkevat. Työssä esitetty systeemidynamiikkamalli voidaan jakaa kolmeen osaan: a) satamakohtaiseen kapasiteetin muodostumisprosessiin, b) kysynnän ennustusprosessiin, jonka perusteella satamien omistajat päättävät halutun kapasiteetin määrän satamassaan sekä c) satamien markkinaosuuksien muodostusprosessiin. Kokonaiskuljetuskysyntä on systeemidynamiikkamallissa ulkoinen muuttuja, joka voi noudattaa eri makrotaloudellisia skenaarioita vastaavia kehityskulkuja.
  • Privacy Paradox in Social Media: A System Dynamics Analysis
    (2022) Arzoglou, Ektor; Kortesniemi, Yki; Ruutu, Sampsa; Elo, Tommi
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    The term ‘privacy paradox’ refers to the apparent inconsistency between people’s concerns about their privacy and their actual privacy behaviour. Although several possible explanations for this phenomenon have been provided so far, these assume that (1) all people share the same privacy concerns and (2) a snapshot at a given point in time is enough to explain the phenomenon. To overcome these limitations, this article presents a system dynamics simulation model that considers the diversity of privacy concerns during the process of social media adoption and identifies the types of situations in which the privacy paradox emerges. The results show that (1) the least concerned minority can induce the more concerned majority to adopt social media and (2) even the most concerned minority can be hindered by the less concerned majority from discarding social media. Both (1) and (2) are types of situations that reflect the privacy paradox.
  • The Role of Privacy Obstacles in Privacy Paradox: A System Dynamics Analysis
    (2023-04-19) Arzoglou, Ektor; Kortesniemi, Yki; Ruutu, Sampsa; Elo, Tommi
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    People use social media to achieve particular gratifications despite expressing concerns about the related privacy risks that may lead to negative consequences. This inconsistency between privacy concerns and actual behaviour has been referred to as the privacy paradox. Although several possible explanations for this phenomenon have been provided over the years, they each consider only some of the obstacles that stand in the way of informed and rational privacy decisions, and they usually assume a static situation, thus neglecting the changes taking place over time. To overcome these limitations, this article incorporates all the key privacy obstacles into a qualitative system dynamics model and examines the conditions under which the privacy paradox emerges over time in the context of social media. The results show that the privacy obstacles prevent adequately accounting for the negative consequences by (1) reinforcing gratifications, thus inducing social media adoption and use, while (2) hampering the realisation of (all) negative consequences, thus reducing the motivation for social media discard. Moreover, gratifications kick off early and often seem to dominate even major long-term negative consequences, thereby resulting in users becoming only gradually concerned about privacy, by which time they are usually deeply engaged in the platform to consider discarding, and therefore arriving in a paradoxical situation that seems not viable to escape from (i.e., the boiling frog syndrome). Conversely, major short-term negative consequences are more likely to conflict with gratifications already earlier, thereby resulting in users becoming less engaged, more concerned, and therefore still able to discard the platform, thus resolving the paradoxical situation