Browsing by Author "Ruoppila, Sampo"

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    Annea muistaen
    (Yhdyskuntasuunnittelun Seura ry., 2019-12-23) Ilmonen, Mervi; Ruoppila, Sampo; Rakennetun ympäristön laitos; University of Turku
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    Baltic Crossings: Soviet Housing Estates and Dreams of Forest-Suburbs
    (Springer, 2019) Berger, Laura; Ruoppila, Sampo; Vesikansa, Kristo; Department of Architecture; Hess, Daniel; Tammaru, Tiit; University of Turku
    Finland and Estonia had unusually close connections for a Western and a Soviet state follow-ing the Khrushchev Thaw. This chapter addresses the question of how Finnish architecture and planning influenced the development of multifamily housing, including large housing estates, in Soviet Estonia. The chapter shows how information on architecture and planning was exchanged through travel, professional publications, architecture exhibitions, and per-sonal contacts. However, inspiration drawn from Finnish examples could influence Soviet Es-tonian multifamily housing only selectively. The influences, mainly references to Finnish modernism from the 1950s and the 1960s, can be identified solely in individually designed and constructed housing projects, which offered more flexibility and room for individual ar-chitects to express their visions. Such projects could be developed, for instance, by collective farm construction companies (KEK), not as large state-led projects. Soviet planners bor-rowed, in many ways, planning ideas from the West, for example the principle of the mikrorayon, which was applied in the large housing estates. To Estonians, it was particularly the Finnish concept of the ´forest-suburb´ that came to be idealised. The development of large housing estates was nonetheless dictated by the Soviet state bureaucracy and exten-sive use of mass construction technology, especially standardised precast buildings, which created a monotonous built environment. Yet some Finnish influence can be recognised in Tallinn’s first large housing estate’s shopping and service centres, designed and built as sep-arate projects.
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    Huono-osaisuus ja köyhyys rajoittivat sosiaalista osallisuutta ja olivat ylisukupolvisesti periytyviä sekä 1800- että 2000-luvuilla
    (2023) Kallio, Johanna; Vainio-Korhonen, Kirsi; Artukka, Topi; Isola, Anna-Maria; Lehtokari, Anniina; Saarenpää, Taina; Savolainen, Panu; Syväniemi, Maria; Toikka, Enna; Viljamaa, Noora; Arkkitehtuurin laitos; Ruoppila, Sampo; University of Turku; Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Finland National Institute for Health & Welfare, Dept Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent; City of Turku; University of Lapland
    Historiantutkijoiden ja sosiaalitieteilijöiden yhteisessä hankkeessa tutkittiin turkulaista huono-osaisuutta ja köyhyyttä 1830-1840-luvuilla ja 2010-luvulla. 1800-luvun alkua tarkastelleet historiantutkijat pystyivät käyttämään tutkimuksessaan samanlaisia käsitteitä, joita sosiaalitieteilijät käyttävät tutkiessaan nykyhetkeä ja lähimenneisyyttä. Näitä käsitteitä olivat köyhyys, sosiaalinen osattomuus sekä huono-osaisuus ja sen hierarkkinen rakentuminen. Näin kyettiin osoittamaan, miten lapsiköyhyyden pitkä vaikutus myöhempiin elämänvaiheisiin ja sen ylisukupolvisuus ovat olemassa ajasta riippumatta. Siten saatiin vahvaa näyttöä, että lasten sosiaalista osallisuutta tukemalla voidaan torjua ylisukupolvista köyhyyttä.
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    Keskustelunavaus ja politiikkasuositukset. Lähiöpride – Lähiöympäristöt ja arkkitehtuuri identiteettien rakennusaineina
    (2023) Savolainen, Panu; Berger, Laura; Hautamäki, Ranja; Kanner, Antti; Kouri, Kasimira; Lähde, Elisa; Piirainen, Paula; Ruoppila, Sampo; Taipale, Aada; Teräsvuori, Hannes; Tolonen, Anna; Turtiainen, Pirjo; Verma, Ira; Arkkitehtuurin laitos; University of Helsinki; Arkkitehtuurin laitos; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.; University of Turku
    Ohjausryhmä: Kai Fogelholm (Espoon kaupunki), Katariina Hilke (Turun kaupunki), Marketta Kyttä (Aalto-yliopisto), Katariina Peltola (Espoon kaupunki), Aija Staffans (Aalto-yliopisto).
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    Residential differentiation, housing policy and urban planning in the transformation from state socialism to a market economy : the case of Tallinn
    (Helsinki University of Technology, 2006) Ruoppila, Sampo; Centre for Urban and Regional Studies; Yhdyskuntasuunnittelun tutkimus- ja koulutuskeskus
    The thesis examines urban issues arising from the transformation from state socialism to a market economy. The main topics are residential differentiation, i.e., uneven spatial distribution of social groups across urban residential areas, and the effects of housing policy and town planning on urban development. The case study is development in Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, in the context of development of Central and Eastern European cities under and after socialism. The main body of the thesis consists of four separately published refereed articles. The research question that brings the articles together is how the residential (socio-spatial) pattern of cities developed during the state socialist period and how and why that pattern has changed since the transformation to a market economy began. The first article reviews the literature on residential differentiation in Budapest, Prague, Tallinn and Warsaw under state socialism from the viewpoint of the role of housing policy in the processes of residential differentiation at various stages of the socialist era. The paper shows how the socialist housing provision system produced socio-occupational residential differentiation directly and indirectly and it describes how the residential patterns of these cities developed. The second article is critical of oversimplified accounts of rapid reorganisation of the overall socio-spatial pattern of post-socialist cities and of claims that residential mobility has had a straightforward role in it. The Tallinn case study, consisting of an analysis of the distribution of socio-economic groups across eight city districts and over four housing types in 1999 as well as examining the role of residential mobility in differentiation during the 1990s, provides contrasting evidence. The third article analyses the role and effects of housing policies in Tallinn's residential differentiation. The focus is on contemporary 'post-privatisation' housing-policy measures and their effects. The article shows that the Estonian housing policies do not even aim to reduce, prevent or slow down the harmful effects of the considerable income disparities that are manifest in housing inequality and residential differentiation. The fourth article examines the development of Tallinn's urban planning system 1991-2004 from the viewpoint of what means it has provided the city with to intervene in urban development and how the city has used these tools. The paper finds that despite some recent progress in planning, its role in guiding where and how the city actually developed has so far been limited. Tallinn's urban development is rather initiated and driven by private agents seeking profit from their investment in land. The thesis includes original empirical research in the three articles that analyse development since socialism. The second article employs quantitative data and methods, primarily index calculation, whereas the third and the fourth ones draw from a survey of policy documents combined with interviews with key informants.