Browsing by Author "Ruokolainen, Janne"

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All-in-one microfluidic assembly of insulin-loaded pH-responsive nano-in-microparticles for oral insulin delivery
(2020-06-21) Costa, Clarinda; Liu, Zehua; Martins, João P.; Correia, Alexandra; Figueiredo, Patrícia; Rahikkala, Antti; Li, Wei; Seitsonen, Jani; Ruokolainen, Janne; Hirvonen, Sami Pekka; Aguiar-Ricardo, Ana; Corvo, M. Luísa; Santos, Hélder A.
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Here, a continuous two-step glass-capillary microfluidic technique to produce a multistage oral delivery system is reported. Insulin is successfully encapsulated into liposomes, which are coated with chitosan to improve their mucoadhesion. The encapsulation in an enteric polymer offers protection from the harsh gastric conditions. Insulin permeability is enhanced across an intestinal monolayer.
Alpha helical surfactant-like peptides self-assemble into pH-dependent nanostructures
(2021-03-21) Castelletto, Valeria; Seitsonen, Jani; Ruokolainen, Janne; Hamley, Ian W.
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
A designed surfactant-like peptide is shown, using a combination of cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, to have remarkable pH-dependent self-assembly properties. Peptide Arg3-Leu12(R3L12) forms a network of peptide nanotubes at pH 9 and below. These are associated with α-helical conformation in a “cross-α” nanotube structure, in which peptide dimers lie perpendicular to the nanotube axis, with arginine coated inner and outer nanotube walls. In contrast, this peptide forms decorated vesicular aggregates at higher pH values, close to the pKaof the arginine residues. These structures are associated with a loss of α-helical order as detected through X-ray scattering, circular dichroism and FTIR spectroscopy, the latter technique also revealing a loss of ordering of leucine side chains. This suggests a proposed model for the decorated or patchy vesicular structures that comprises disordered peptide as the matrix of the membrane, with small domains of ordered peptide dimers forming the minority domains. We ascribe this to a lipid-raft like phase separation process, due to conformational disordering of the leucine hydrophobic chains. The observation of the self-assembly of a simple surfactant-like peptide into these types of nanostructure is remarkable, and peptide R3L12shows unique pH-dependent morphological and conformational behaviour, with the potential for a range of future applications.
Alzheimer's disease-like perturbations in HIV-mediated neuronal dysfunctions: Understanding mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies: HIV and AD relationship
(2020-12-23) Jha, Niraj Kumar; Sharma, Ankur; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Ojha, Shreesh; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Gupta, Gaurav; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Bhardwaj, Shanu; Shukla, Shakti D.; Tambuwala, Murtaza M.; Ruokolainen, Janne; Dua, Kamal; Singh, Sandeep Kumar
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Excessive exposure to toxic substances or chemicals in the environment and various pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, is associated with the onset of numerous brain abnormalities. Among them, pathogens, specifically viruses, elicit persistent inflammation that plays a major role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as dementia. AD is the most common brain disorder that affects thought, speech, memory and ability to execute daily routines. It is also manifested by progressive synaptic impairment and neurodegeneration, which eventually leads to dementia following the accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau. Numerous factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, including neuroinflammation associated with pathogens, and specifically viruses. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is often linked with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) following permeation through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induction of persistent neuroinflammation. Further, HIV infections also exhibited the ability to modulate numerous AD-associated factors such as BBB regulators, members of stress-related pathways as well as the amyloid and Tau pathways that lead to the formation of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles accumulation. Studies regarding the role of HIV in HAND and AD are still in infancy, and potential link or mechanism between both is not yet established. Thus, in the present article, we attempt to discuss various molecular mechanisms that contribute to the basic understanding of the role of HIV-associated neuroinflammation in AD and HAND. Further, using numerous growth factors and drugs, we also present possible therapeutic strategies to curb the neuroinflammatory changes and its associated sequels.
Amphipathic design dictates self-assembly, cytotoxicity and cell uptake of arginine-rich surfactant-like peptides
(2020-03-28) Mello, Lucas R.; Aguiar, Rodrigo B.; Yamada, Renata Y.; Moraes, Jane Z.; Hamley, Ian W.; Alves, Wendel A.; Reza, Mehedi; Ruokolainen, Janne; Silva, Emerson R.
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Amphiphilicity is the most critical parameter in the self-assembly of surfactant-like peptides (SLPs), regulating the way by which hydrophobic attraction holds peptides together. Its effects go beyond supramolecular assembly and may also trigger different cell responses of bioactive peptide-based nanostructures. Herein, we investigate the self-assembly and cellular effects of nanostructures based on isomeric SLPs composed by arginine (R) and phenylalanine (F). Two amphipathic designs were studied: a diblock construct F4R4 and its bolaamphiphile analog R2F4R2. A strong sequence-dependent polymorphism emerges with appearance of globules and vesicle-like assemblies, or flat nanotapes and cylindrical micelles. The diblock construct possesses good cell penetrating capabilities and effectiveness to kill SK-MEL-28 melanoma tumor cells, in contrast to reduced intracellular uptake and low cytotoxicity exhibited by the bolaamphiphilic form. Our findings demonstrate that amphipathic design is a relevant variable for self-assembling SLPs to modulate different cellular responses and may assist in optimizing the production of nanostructures based on arginine-enriched sequences in cell penetrating and antimicrobial peptides.
Mikrofaasierottuneen polymeerirakenteen analysointi pienen kulman röntgensironnalla
(2004) Toivanen, Miika
Helsinki University of Technology | Master's thesis
Aurinkokennon karakterisointi
(1995) Ruokolainen, Janne
Helsinki University of Technology | Master's thesis
Benzene tricarboxamide derivatives with lipid and ethylene glycol chains self-assemble into distinct nanostructures driven by molecular packing
(2021-08-28) Aljuaid, Nada; Tully, Mark; Seitsonen, Jani; Ruokolainen, Janne; Hamley, Ian W.
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The self-assembly in aqueous solution of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) bearing one alkyl chain and two PEG (polyethylene glycol) chains or two alkyl chains and one PEG chain yields completely distinct nanostructures. Two series of derivatives were synthesized and extensively characterized and electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveal micelle structures for derivatives with one alkyl and two PEG chains, but nanotapes and nanoribbons for the series with two alkyl and one PEG chain.
Biopolymer-Capped Pyrazinamide-Loaded Colloidosomes : In Vitro Characterization and Bioavailability Studies
(2023-07-06) Singh, Avi; Das, Sabya Sachi; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Singh, Sandeep Kumar
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
This study aimed to prepare colloidosome particles loaded with pyrazinamide (PZA). These drug-loaded colloidosomes were prepared using an in situ gelation technique using a central composite design with a shell made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. Optimal amounts of 150 mg of CaCO3, sodium alginate (2%), and 400 mg of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate) (PHBV) concentration resulted in the maximum drug loading and efficient release profile. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results showed spherical porous particles with a good coating of the PHBV polymer. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed good compatibility between the drug and excipients. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the drug-loaded colloidosomes resulted in 4.26 times higher plasma drug concentrations with Cmax values of 32.386 ± 2.744 mcg/mL (PZA solution) and 115.868 ± 53.581 mcg/mL (PZA-loaded colloidosomes) and AUC0-t values of 61.24 mcg-h/mL (PZA solution) and 260.9 mcg-h/mL (PZA-loaded colloidosomes), indicating that colloidosomes have the potential to be effective drug carriers for delivering PZA to the target site.
Cation-sensitive compartmentalization in metallacarborane containing polymer nanoparticles
(2016) Dordovic, Vladimir; Uchman, Mariusz; Reza, Mehedi; Ruokolainen, Janne; Zhigunov, Alexander; Ivankov, Olexandr I.; Matějíček, Pavel
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Alkaline cations (Li+, Na+ and K+) are introduced as agents suitable to control compartmentalization in metallacarborane-rich nanoparticles of double-hydrophilic block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-alkyloxazoline), PEO-POX. Interaction of the metallacarborane (cobalt bis(dicarbollide) anion) with PEO-POX is based mainly on dihydrogen bonding between metallacarborane boron clusters and the polymer backbone resulting in compact nanoparticles. However, the cations are a crucial factor as to whether interaction with PEO or POX segments is preferred. Changes in the bulk concentration of alkaline cations can thus provoke changes in the inner structure of polymeric nanoparticles, which is accompanied by exchange of boron clusters and alkaline cations like Li+. Because of the biomedical importance of metallacarboranes, their conjugates and also lithium salts, the hybrid nanoparticles can act as stimuli-responsive systems for drug delivery.
Cellulose dissolution in aqueous NaOH–ZnO : cellulose reactivity and the role of ZnO
(2021-02) Väisänen, Saija; Ajdary, Rubina; Altgen, Michael; Nieminen, Kaarlo; Kesari, Kavindra K.; Ruokolainen, Janne; Rojas, Orlando J.; Vuorinen, Tapani
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Abstract: Cellulose utilization at its full potential often requires its dissolution which is challenging. Aqueous NaOH is the solvent of choice due to the rapid, non-toxic, low cost and environmentally friendly dissolution process. However, there are several limitations, such as the required low temperature and cellulose´s moderately low degree of polymerization and concentration. Moreover, there is a tendency for gelation of semidilute solutions with time and temperature. The addition of ZnO aids cellulose dissolution and hinders self-aggregation in the NaOH solution; however, the exact role of ZnO has remained as an open question. In this work, we studied cellulose dissolution in the aqueous NaOH–ZnO system as well as the reactivity of the dissolved cellulose by oxidation with 4-AcNH-TEMPO+ (TEMPO+). Based on Raman spectroscopic studies and the TEMPO+-reactivities, we propose a new structure for cellulose dissolved in aqueous NaOH–ZnO. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Cellulose elementary fibril orientation in the spruce S1-2 transition layer
(2019-03-07) Reza, Mehedi; Bertinetto, Carlo; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Engelhardt, Peter; Ruokolainen, Janne; Vuorinen, Tapani
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The tight organization of major wood cell wall polymers limits the swellability, solubility and reactivity of cellulose fibers during the production of regenerated textile fibers, nanocellulose, bioethanol, and many other value-added products. However, the ultrastructural assembly of cellulose elementary fibrils (EF) and matrix materials in one of the outer layers, i.e. S 1-2 transition layer of wood cell wall, is far from being understood. Here, single-axis electron tomography on ultrathin spruce sections was applied to observe the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the S 1-2 layer. The nanoscale geometries of the EFs were further quantitatively modeled through mathematical fitting of the tomographic subvolumes by suitable parametric space curves. The results showed that crisscross, bundled and parallel EF organizations are all present in this layer; the former two exhibit a denser structure. Several quantitative measures such as distances and angles were obtained for the analyzed structures. The result obtained in this study suggests that the S 1-2 transition layer differs in structure than the principal cell wall layers. The structural differences and its possible role in wood cell wall have been discussed. These results will enhance our understanding of the swellability, accessibility and solubility of woody biomass for its conversion into the aforementioned value-added products.
Cellulose Elementary Fibrils Assemble into Helical Bundles in S1 Layer of Spruce Tracheid Wall
(2017-02-13) Reza, Mehedi; Bertinetto, Carlo; Ruokolainen, Janne; Vuorinen, Tapani
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The ultrastructural organization of cellulose elementary fibrils (EFs) in wood cell wall is considered to be the prime factor regulating the material characteristics of wood in micro to macro levels and the conversion of delignified wood fibers into various products. Specifically, the complex assembly of EFs in wood cell wall limits its swellability, solubility, and reactivity, for example, in dissolution of cellulose for regeneration of textile fibers, fibril separation for the manufacture of nanocellulose, and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars for their subsequent fermentation to various products, like ethanol for future fossil fuels replacement. Here cryo-transmission electron tomography was applied on ultrathin spruce wood sections to reveal the EF assembly in S1 layer of the native cell wall. The resolution of these tomograms was then further enhanced by computational means. For the first time, cellulose in the intact cell wall was visualized to be assembled into helical bundles of several EFs, a structural feature that must have a significant impact on the swelling, accessibility, and solubility of woody biomass for its conversion into the aforementioned value added products.
Chain-End Modifications and Sequence Arrangements of Antimicrobial Peptoids for Mediating Activity and Nano-Assembly
(2020-05-21) Hasan, Abshar; Saxena, Varun; Castelletto, Valeria; Zimbitas, Georgina; Seitsonen, Jani; Ruokolainen, Janne; Pandey, Lalit M.; Sefcik, Jan; Hamley, Ian W.; Lau, King Hang Aaron
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Poly(N-substituted glycine) “peptoids” are an interesting class of peptidomimics that can resist proteolysis and mimic naturally found antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which exhibit wide spectrum activity against bacteria. This work investigates the possibility of modifying peptoid AMP mimics (AMPMs) with aliphatic lipid “tails” to generate “lipopeptoids” that can assemble into micellar nanostructures, and evaluates their antimicrobial activities. Two families of AMPMs with different distributions of hydrophobic and cationic residues were employed—one with a uniform repeating amphiphilicity, the other with a surfactant-like head-to-tail amphiphilicity. To further evaluate the interplay between self-assembly and activity, the lipopeptoids were variously modified at the AMPM chain ends with a diethylene glycol (EG2) and/or a cationic group (Nlys-Nlys dipeptoid) to adjust amphiphilicity and chain flexibility. Self-assembly was investigated by critical aggregation concentration (CAC) fluorescence assays and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The structure of a key species was also verified by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). To screen for antibacterial properties, we measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. We found that certain combinations of lipid tail and AMPM sequences exhibit increased antibacterial activity (i.e., decreased MICs). Perhaps counter-intuitively, we were particularly interested in increased MICs in combination with low CACs. Concealing antimicrobial interactions due to packing of AMPMs in nano-assemblies could pave the way to AMPMs that may be “inert” even if unintentionally released and prevent microbes from gaining resistance to the lipopeptoids. Overall, incorporation of EG2 significantly improved lipopeptoids packing while the hydrophobic tail length was found to have a major influence over the MIC. One particular sequence, which we named C15-EG2-(kss)4, exhibited a very low CAC of 34 μM (0.0075 wt.%) and a significantly increased MIC above values for the unmodified AMPM. With the sequence design trends uncovered from this study, future work will focus on discovering more species such as C15-EG2-(kss)4 and on investigating release mechanisms and the potency of the released lipopeptoids.
Characterization and Exploration of Placket-Burman-Designed Porous Calcium Carbonate (Vaterite) Microparticles
(2023-11-28) Singh, Avi; Das, Sabya Sachi; Verma, Priya Ranjan Prasad; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Singh, Sandeep Kumar
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The objective of the research was to identify significant variables that impact the porosity-related properties of CaCO3 particles. The Placket-Burman design was employed to screen multiple variables, including pH, molar concentrations of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate, temperature, concentration of Gelucire 44/14, Cremophor RH40, Solutol HS15, Labrasol, mixing rate, reaction time, and order of addition. The response variables were surface area, pore radius, and pore volume. Influential methodologies such as XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA were utilized to validate the precipitate type. The BET surface area ranged from 1.5 to 16.14 m2/g, while the pore radius varied from 2.62 to 6.68 nm, and the pore volume exhibited a range of 2.43 to 37.97 cc/gm. Vaterite structures with spherical mesoporous characteristics were observed at high pH, whereas calcite formations occurred at low pH. The order of addition impacted the surface area but did not affect the pore volume. To maximize the surface area, a lower reaction time and molar concentrations of sodium carbonate were found to be advantageous. The pore radius was influenced by the pH, surfactants, and reaction conditions. The sediments were categorized based on the percentage of vaterite formation. The instrumental techniques effectively characterized the precipitates and provided a valuable complementary analysis.
A comparative cross‐platform meta‐analysis to identify potential biomarker genes common to endometriosis and recurrent pregnancy loss
(2021-04-02) Guha, Pokhraj; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Singha, Sobita; Kalita, Jogen C.; Kolesarova, Adriana; Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Kumar, Dhruv; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Endometriosis is characterized by unwanted growth of endometrial tissue in different locations of the female reproductive tract. It may lead to recurrent pregnancy loss, which is one of the worst curses for the reproductive age group of human populations around the world. Thus, there is an urgent need for unveiling any common source of origin of both these diseases and con-nections, if any. Herein, we aimed to identify common potential biomarker genes of these two diseases via in silico approach using meta‐analysis of microarray data. Datasets were selected for the study based on certain exclusion criteria. Those datasets were subjected to comparative meta‐anal-yses for the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), that are common to both diag-noses. The DEGs were then subjected to protein‐protein networking and subsequent functional enrichment analyses for unveiling their role/function in connecting two diseases. From the analyses, 120 DEGs are reported to be significant out of which four genes have been found to be prominent. These include the CTNNB1, HNRNPAB, SNRPF and TWIST2 genes. The significantly enriched pathways based on the above‐mentioned genes are mainly centered on signaling and developmental events. These findings could significantly elucidate the underlying molecular events in endometri-osis‐based recurrent miscarriages.
Comparison of rosin and propolis antimicrobials in cellulose acetate fibers against Staphylococcus aureus
(2020-05-01) Kanerva, Mikko; Matrenichev, Vsevolod; Layek, Rama; Takala, Timo M.; Laurikainen, Pekka; Sarlin, Essi; Elert, Anna Maria; Yudin, Vladimir; Seitsonen, Jani; Ruokolainen, Janne; Saris, Per
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The quantitative difference in the antibacterial response was measured for pine rosin and propolis against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12598. The activity was studied for fibrous networks that form entirely bio-based cellulose-acetate (CA) materials. The analysis considers the effects of bacterial input, additive dosage, solvent type, variation in preparation, as well as the effect of storage time. Based on the results, the electrospun network structure is dependent on the solvent and the concentration of rosin and propolis. Both rosin and propolis improved the cellulose acetate solution processability, yet they formed beads at high concentrations. Rosin and propolis created strong antibacterial properties when these material systems were immersed in the liquid for 24 h at room temperature. The response remained visible for a minimum of two months. The electrospun networks of water and DMAc solvent systems with 1 to 5 wt% rosin content were clearly more efficient (i.e., decrease of 4 to 6 logs in colony forming units per mL) than the propolis networks, even after two months. This efficiency is likely due to the high content of abietic acids present in the rosin, which is based on the Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results of the additional analysis and cell cultivation with dermal fibroblast cells indicated an impairing effect on skin tissue by the rosin at a 1 wt% concentration compared to the pure CA fibers.
A concise review on the cultivation of microalgal biofilms for biofuel feedstock production
(2022-05-17) Patwardhan, Sanchita Bipin; Pandit, Soumya; Ghosh, Dipankar; Dhar, Dolly Wattal; Banerjee, Srijoni; Joshi, Sanket; Gupta, Piyush Kumar; Lahiri, Dibyajit; Nag, Moupriya; Ruokolainen, Janne; Ray, Rina Rani; Kumar Kesari, Kavindra
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
The enormous capability of microalgae for biomass production and co-products has recently been widely researched from a range of research approaches. Microalgae biomass has been discovered as a suitable feedstock for biofuel generation in the third generation. Although they may easily be cultivated in the laboratory, commercial cultivation involves several important considerations, including design, expense, contamination risk, and hygiene. This paper reviews some conventional microalgal cultivation methods along with some harvesting techniques. A short note on the disadvantages of conventional microalgal biofilm cultivation and the need for advanced cultivation techniques are also listed. Further, it highlights some of the modern techniques used for the cultivation of biofilm-based microalgae. It also gives brief information on the various factors affecting the formation of microalgal biofilm. A detailed description of the application of microalgal biofilm concerning biofuel generation is also reviewed. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Core-Selective Silver-Doping of Gold Nanoclusters by Surface-Bound Sulphates on Colloidal Templates: From Synthetic Mechanism to Relaxation Dynamics
(2023-01-04) Chandra, Sourov; Sciortino, Alice; Shandilya, Shruti; Fang, Lincan; Chen, Xi; Nonappa; Jiang, Hua; Johansson, Leena Sisko; Cannas, Marco; Ruokolainen, Janne; Ras, Robin H.A.; Messina, Fabrizio; Peng, Bo; Ikkala, Olli
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Ultra-small luminescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have gained substantial interest owing to their low photobleaching and high biocompatibility. While the substitution of silver for gold at the central core of AuNCs has shown significant augmentation of photoluminescence with enhanced photostability, selective replacement of the central atom by silver is, however, energetically inhibited. Herein, a new strategy for in situ site-selective Ag-doping exclusively at the central core of AuNCs using sulphated colloidal surfaces as the templates is presented. This approach exceedingly improves the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of AuNCs by eliminating nonradiative losses in the multi-step relaxation cascade populating the emissive state. Density functional theory predicts the mechanism of specific doping at the central core, endorsing the preferential bonding between Ag+ ions and sulphates in water. Finally, the generic nature of the templating concept to allow core-specific doping of nanoclusters is unraveled.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: New hope for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics
(2022-09) Bhardwaj, Shanu; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Rachamalla, Mahesh; Mani, Shalini; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Kumar, Pravir; Ambasta, Rashmi K.; Dureja, Harish; Devkota, Hari Prasad; Gupta, Gaurav; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Dua, Kamal; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Ojha, Shreesh; Jha, Niraj Kumar
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious, irreversible, and progressive neurodegenerative health condition manifesting as cognitive deficits and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Approximately 50 million individuals are affected by AD, and the number is rapidly increasing globally. This review explores the role of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in the management of AD and its clinical manifestations. Aim of Review: This review aims to provide a deep insight into the recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and its use against neurodegenerative disorders, specifically AD. However, we have referred to its use against parkinsons's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and other human diseases, as is one of the most promising and emerging technologies for disease treatment. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: The pathophysiology of AD is known to be linked with gene mutations, that is, presenilin (PSEN) and amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). However, clinical trials focused at the genetic level could not meet the desired efficiency. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool is one of the most powerful technologies for correcting inconsistent genetic signatures and now extensively used for AD management. It has significant potential for the correction of undesired gene mutations associated with AD. This technology has allowed the development of empirical AD models, therapeutic lines, and diagnostic approaches for better understanding the nervous system, from in vitro to in vivo models.
Crosstalk between long noncoding RNA and microRNA in Cancer
(2023-08) Bhattacharjee, Rahul; Prabhakar, Neeraj; Kumar, Lamha; Bhattacharjee, Arkadyuti; Kar, Sulagna; Malik, Sumira; Kumar, Dhruv; Ruokolainen, Janne; Negi, Arvind; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
miRNAs and lncRNAs play a central role in cancer-associated gene regulations. The dysregulated expression of lncRNAs has been reported as a hallmark of cancer progression, acting as an independent prediction marker for an individual cancer patient. The interplay of miRNA and lncRNA decides the variation of tumorigenesis that could be mediated by acting as sponges for endogenous RNAs, regulating miRNA decay, mediating intra-chromosomal interactions, and modulating epigenetic components. This paper focuses on the influence of crosstalk between lncRNA and miRNA on cancer hallmarks such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hijacking cell death, metastasis, and invasion. Other cellular roles of crosstalks, such as neovascularization, vascular mimicry, and angiogenesis were also discussed. Additionally, we reviewed crosstalk mechanism with specific host immune responses and targeting interplay (between lncRNA and miRNA) in cancer diagnosis and management. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].