Browsing by Author "Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep"

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    Aluminum Oxide and Zinc Oxide Induced Nanotoxicity in Rat Brain, Heart, and Lung
    (ACAD SCIENCES CZECH REPUBLIC, INST PHYSIOLOGY, 2022-10) Yousef, Mokhtar Ibrahim; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Jafaar, Karrar Sabah; Slama, Petr; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Kamel, Maher Abd El-Nabi; Alexandria University; Assam University; Mendel University in Brno; Department of Applied Physics
    Nanomaterials or nanoparticles are commonly used in the cosmetics, medicine, and food industries. Many researchers studied the possible side effects of several nanoparticles including aluminum oxide (Al2O3-nps) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-nps). Although, there is limited information available on their direct or side effects, especially on the brain, heart, and lung functions. This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and lung toxicity induced by Al2O3-nps and ZnO-nps or in combination via studying changes in gene expression, alteration in cytokine production, tumor suppressor protein p53, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and the histological and morphological changes. Obtained results showed that Al2O3-nps, ZnO-nps and their combination cause an increase in 8-hydroxy-2 acute accent -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), cytokines, p53, oxidative stress, creatine kinase, norepinephrine, acetylcholine (ACh), and lipid profile. Moreover, significant changes in the gene expression of mitochondrial transcription factor-A (mtTFA) and peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma-coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) were also noted. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), neurotransmitters (dopamine - DA, and serotonin - SER), and the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in the brain, heart, and lung were found. Additionally, these results were confirmed by histological examinations. The present study revealed that the toxic effects were more when these nanoparticle doses are used in combination. Thus, Al2O3-nps and ZnO-nps may behave as neurotoxic, cardiotoxic, and lung toxic, especially upon exposure to rats in combination.
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    Biological databases and tools for neurological disorders
    (WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2022-01-28) Usman, Muhammad Bello; Ojha, Shreesh; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Gupta, Gaurav; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Dua, Kamal; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Kumar, Neeraj; Khan, Firdos Alam; Dureja, Harish; Upadhye, Vijay; Zacconi, Flavia; Prasanna, Pragya; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Alexiou, Athanasios; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Department of Applied Physics; United Arab Emirates University; Sharda University; International Medical University; Suresh Gyan Vihar University; Lovely Professional University; University of Technology Sydney; Assam University; University of Delhi; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Maharshi Dayanand University; Parul University; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; KK University; King Abdulaziz University; AFNP Med Austria
    Computational approaches to study of neuronal impairment is rapidly evolving, as experiments and intuition alone do not explain the complexity of the brain system. An overwhelming increase in the amount of new data from both theory and computational modeling necessitate the development of databases and tools for analysis, visualization and interpretation of neuroscience data. To ensure the sustainability of this development, consistent update and training of young professionals is imperative. For this purpose, relevant articles, chapters, and modules are essential to keep abreast of developments. This review seeks to outline the biological databases and analytical tools along with their applications. It is envisaged that such knowledge could provide a ''training recipe'' for young scientists and a guide for professionals and researchers in neuroscience.
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    Biometric Indices, Physio-Metabolic Responses and Carcass Quality in Rohu (Labeo rohita) during Feed Deprivation
    (MDPI AG, 2022-03-18) Yengkokpam, Sona; Sahu, Narottam Prasad; Pal, Asim Kumar; Debnath, Dipesh; Jain, Kamal Kant; Dalvi, Rishikesh Subhashrao; Slama, Petr; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Indian Council of Agricultural Research; Maharshi Dayanand College of Arts, Science and Commerce; Mendel University in Brno; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Assam University
    Understanding changes in biometric indices and metabolism in fish exposed to feed deprivation may be useful in aquaculture. The present study elucidates the effect of feed deprivation on physio-biochemical responses, such as changes in biometric indices, nutrient mobilization patterns, and enzyme activities in rohu (Labeo rohita). Experimental fish (av. wt. 3.41 ± 0.07 g) were deprived of feed and sampled at intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days to measure weight, length, body composition, and the activities of enzymes involved in digestion, metabolism, and antioxidation. A decrease in body weight, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and gastrosomatic index (GSI) was observed during the initial stage of feed deprivation (15 to 30 days) but remained unchanged thereafter. The total carbohydrate and lipid content also decreased rapidly up until 30 days, then stabilized. However, the reduction in tissue protein content (% wet weight) continued gradually with the duration of feed deprivation from 12.85 ± 0.36 at 0 days to 10.04 ± 0.67 at 15 days, 8.79 ± 0.59 at 30 days, 6.95 ± 0.69 at 45 days, and 6.16 ± 0.8 at 60 days, which was lower, compared to the other two body constituents. Amylase, protease. and lipase activities significantly reduced up until 30 days, but then stabilized. Although G6PDH enzyme activity decreased, gluconeogenic (LDH, AST, and ALT) and antioxidative (SOD and catalase) enzyme activities increased during initial feed deprivation (up to 30 days). A tissue-specific difference in amino acid metabolism with a major role of ALT in liver and AST in muscle was observed. This study revealed that rohu fingerlings adapted well to feed deprivation up until 30 days, beyond which there was an overall deterioration in the metabolic functions.
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    Clinical Potential of Himalayan Herb Bergenia ligulata: An Evidence-Based Study
    (MDPI AG, 2022-10) Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Das, Dipika; Das, Sandipan; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Pal, Mahadeb; Kolesarova, Adriana; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Kalita, Jogen C.; Slama, Petr; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Department of Applied Physics; Wood Chemistry; Assam University; Sharda University; Bose Institute; Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra; Gauhati University; Mendel University in Brno
    Herbal products have been used in traditional systems of medicine and by ethnic healers for ages to treat various diseases. Currently, it is estimated that about 80% of people worldwide use herbal traditional medicines against various ailments, partly due to easy accessibility and low cost, and the lower side effects they pose. Bergenia ligulata, a herb ranging from the Himalayas to the foothills, including the north-eastern states of India, has traditionally been used as a remedy against various diseases, most prominently kidney stones. The medicinal properties of B. ligulata have been attributed to bergenin, its most potent bioactive component. Apart from bergenin, the other compounds available in B. ligulata are arbutin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, afzelechin, paashaanolactone, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, β-eudesmol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, parasorbic acid, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, phytol, terpinen-4-ol, tannic acid, isovalaric acid, avicularin, quercetin, reynoutrin, and sitoinoside I. This review summarizes various medicinal properties of the herb, along with providing deep insight into its bioactive molecules and their potential roles in the amelioration of human ailments. Additionally, the possible mechanism(s) of action of the herb’s anti-urolithiatic, antioxidative, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties are discussed. This comprehensive documentation will help researchers to better understand the medicinal uses of the herb. Further studies on B. ligulata can lead to the discovery of new drug(s) and therapeutics for various ailments.
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    A Comparative Cross-Platform Analysis to Identify Potential Biomarker Genes for Evaluation of Teratozoospermia and Azoospermia
    (MDPI AG, 2022-10) Das, Suchismita; Guha, Pokhraj; Nath, Monika; Das, Sandipan; Sen, Surojit; Sahu, Jagajjit; Kopanska, Marta; Dutta, Sulagna; Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Sengupta, Pallav; Slama, Petr; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Department of Applied Physics; Assam University; Vidyasagar University; Mariani College; GyanArras Academy; University of Rzeszów; Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research; Qassim University; Gulf Medical University; Mendel University in Brno
    Male infertility is a global public health concern. Teratozoospermia is a qualitative anomaly of spermatozoa morphology, contributing significantly to male infertility, whereas azoospermia is the complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Thus, there is a serious need for unveiling the common origin and/or connection between both of these diseases, if any. This study aims to identify common potential biomarker genes of these two diseases via an in silico approach using a meta-analysis of microarray data. In this study, a differential expression analysis of genes was performed on four publicly available RNA microarray datasets, two each from teratozoospermia (GSE6872 and GSE6967) and azoospermia (GSE145467 and GSE25518). From the analysis, 118 DEGs were found to be common to teratozoospermia and azoospermia, and, interestingly, sperm autoantigenic protein 17 (SPA17) was found to possess the highest fold change value among all the DEGs (9.471), while coiled-coil domain-containing 90B (CCDC90B) and coiled-coil domain-containing 91 (CCDC91) genes were found to be common among three of analyses, i.e., Network Analyst, ExAtlas, and GEO2R. This observation indicates that SPA17, CCDC90B, and CCDC91 genes might have significant roles to play as potential biomarkers for teratozoospermia and azoospermia. Thus, our study opens a new window of research in this area and can provide an important theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of both these diseases.
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    A comparative cross‐platform meta‐analysis to identify potential biomarker genes common to endometriosis and recurrent pregnancy loss
    (Springer International Publishing AG, 2021-04-02) Guha, Pokhraj; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Singha, Sobita; Kalita, Jogen C.; Kolesarova, Adriana; Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Kumar, Dhruv; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Vidyasagar University; Assam University; Gauhati University; Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra; Qassim University; Sharda University; Amity University; Department of Applied Physics
    Endometriosis is characterized by unwanted growth of endometrial tissue in different locations of the female reproductive tract. It may lead to recurrent pregnancy loss, which is one of the worst curses for the reproductive age group of human populations around the world. Thus, there is an urgent need for unveiling any common source of origin of both these diseases and con-nections, if any. Herein, we aimed to identify common potential biomarker genes of these two diseases via in silico approach using meta‐analysis of microarray data. Datasets were selected for the study based on certain exclusion criteria. Those datasets were subjected to comparative meta‐anal-yses for the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), that are common to both diag-noses. The DEGs were then subjected to protein‐protein networking and subsequent functional enrichment analyses for unveiling their role/function in connecting two diseases. From the analyses, 120 DEGs are reported to be significant out of which four genes have been found to be prominent. These include the CTNNB1, HNRNPAB, SNRPF and TWIST2 genes. The significantly enriched pathways based on the above‐mentioned genes are mainly centered on signaling and developmental events. These findings could significantly elucidate the underlying molecular events in endometri-osis‐based recurrent miscarriages.
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    Comprehensive Analysis of Global Research on Human Varicocele: A Scientometric Approach
    (KOREAN SOC SEXUAL MEDICINE & ANDROLOGY, 2022-10) Agarwal, Ashok; Finelli, Renata; Durairajanayagam, Damayanthi; Leisegang, Kristian; Henkel, Ralf; Salvio, Gianmaria; Aghamajidi, Azin; Sengupta, Pallav; Crisostomo, Luis; Tsioulou, Petroula A.; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Finocchi, Federica; Darbandi, Mahsa; Mottola, Filomena; Darbandi, Sara; Iovine, Concetta; Santonastaso, Marianna; Zaker, Himasadat; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Nomanzadeh, Amir; Gugnani, Nivita; Rambhatla, Amarnath; Duran, Mesut Berkan; Ceyhan, Erman; Kandil, Hussein; Arafa, Mohamed; Saleh, Ramadan; Shah, Rupin; Boitrelle, Florence; Department of Applied Physics
    Purpose: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of research trends on the etiology, mechanisms, potential risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, surgical and non-surgical treatment of varicocele, and clinical outcomes before and after varicocele repair. Materials and Methods: Varicocele studies published between 1988 and 2020 were retrieved from the Scopus database on April 5, 2021. Original studies on human varicocele were included, irrespective of language. Retrieved articles were manually screened for inclusion in various sub-categories. Bibliometric data was subjected to scientometric analysis using descriptive statistics. Network, heat and geographic mapping were generated using relevant software. Results: In total, 1,943 original human studies on varicocele were published. These were predominantly from the northern hemisphere and developed countries, and published in journals from the United States and Germany. Network map analysis for countries showed several interconnected nodal points, with the USA being the largest, and Agarwal A. from Cleveland Clinic, USA, being a center point of worldwide varicocele research collaborations. Studies of adolescents were underrepresented compared with studies of adults. Studies on diagnostic and prognostic aspects of varicocele were more numerous than studies on varicocele prevalence, mechanistic studies and studies focusing on etiological and risk factors. Varicocele surgery was more investigated than non-surgical approaches. To evaluate the impact of varicocele and its treatment, researchers mainly analyzed basic semen parameters, although markers of seminal oxidative stress are being increasingly investigated in the last decade, while reproductive outcomes such as live birth rate were under-reported in the literature. Conclusions: This study analyzes the publication trends in original research on human varicocele spanning over the last three decades. Our analysis emphasizes areas for further exploration to better understand varicocele's impact on men's health and male fertility.
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    Differential Activity of Antioxidants in Testicular Tissues Following Administration of Chlorophytum borivilianum in Gamma-Irradiated Swiss Albino Mice
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2022-01-17) Vyas, Ruchi; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Slama, Petr; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Sisodia, Rashmi; Department of Applied Physics; University of Rajasthan; Mendel University in Brno; Assam University
    Background: Oxidative stress induced by radiation causes variable expression of antioxidant enzymes in a tissue-specific manner. Testicular tissues carry out the complex process of spermatogenesis, and studies indicate that testicular damages due to irradiation require long-term recovery before complete resumption. Ionizing radiation also causes oxidative stress in tissues, leading to testicular damage. Aims and Objectives: This study measured differential expression of antioxidant enzymes following administration of C. borivilianum root extract (CRB) in response to irradiation-induced oxidative stress. The activity of various important endogenous enzymatic defense systems was evaluated and correlated for strength of association. Materials and method: Two forms of C. borivilianum (CB) extracts [CB alone and CB-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)] were administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight to Swiss albino male mice for 7 consecutive days. After that, they were irradiated with 6 Gy irradiation and further used to study various parameters of antioxidant enzymes. Results: Results indicate a significant increase in the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of GSH-related antioxidant enzymes in irradiated mice treated with CRE and CRE-AgNPs (silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using C. borivilianum root extract) in comparison to non-pretreated ones (groups I and II). Reciprocal elevation was observed in related enzymes, that is, glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Elevation in the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also evident in both the irradiated groups pretreated with CRE-AgNPs. However, expression of CAT in the CRE-treated irradiated group was similar to that of the non-treated irradiated group. Higher association among CAT-SOD, CAT-GPx, and GR-GST was observed. Conclusion: Overall, it was observed that testicular cells post-irradiation in all groups go through intense oxidative stress; however, groups pretreated with CRE or CRE-AgNPs indicated better toleration and resumption of antioxidant capacity. CRE or CRE-AgNPs pretreated non-irradiated groups mostly remained within the control range indicating stimulated expression of antioxidants.
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    Environmental factors-induced oxidative stress: Hormonal and molecular pathway disruptions in hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction
    (MDPI AG, 2021-06) Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Chakraborty, Saptaparna; Choudhury, Arun Paul; Das, Anandan; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Slama, Petr; Nath, Monika; Massanyi, Peter; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Department of Applied Physics; Molecular Materials; Assam University; Sharda University; Mendel University in Brno; Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
    Hypogonadism is an endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate serum testosterone production by the Leydig cells of the testis. It is triggered by alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary– gonadal axis. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is another common disorder in men that involves an alteration in erectile response–organic, relational, or psychological. The incidence of hypogonadism and ED is common in men aged over 40 years. Hypogonadism (including late-onset hypogonadism) and ED may be linked to several environmental factors-induced oxidative stresses. The factors mainly include exposure to pesticides, radiation, air pollution, heavy metals and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These environmental risk factors may induce oxidative stress and lead to hormonal dysfunctions. To better understand the subject, the study used many keywords, including “hy-pogonadism”, “late-onset hypogonadism”, “testosterone”, “erectile dysfunction”, “reactive oxygen species”, “oxidative stress”, and “environmental pollution” in major online databases, such as SCO-PUS and PUBMED to extract relevant scientific information. Based on these parameters, this review summarizes a comprehensive insight into the important environmental issues that may have a direct or indirect association with hypogonadism and ED in men. The study concludes that environmental factors-induced oxidative stress may cause infertility in men. The hypothesis and outcomes were reviewed critically, and the mechanistic approaches are applied through oxidant-sensitive path-ways. This study also provides reccomendations on future therapeutic interventions and protective measures against such adverse environmental factors-induced hypogonadism and ED.
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    Epigenetic factors in breast cancer therapy
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2022-09-23) Mathur, Runjhun; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Saini, Gaurav; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Shukla, Sheo Prasad; Filipejová, Zita; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Iqbal, Danish; Nand, Parma; Upadhye, Vijay Jagdish; Jha, Abhimanyu Kumar; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Slama, Petr; Department of Applied Physics; Sharda University; Netaji Subhas University of Technology; Rajkiya Engineering College; University of Veterinary Sciences Brno; Majmaah University; Parul University; Assam University; Mendel University in Brno
    Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expression alterations, that occur during somatic cell divisions (also, in rare circumstances, in germ line transmission), but no alterations to the DNA sequence are involved. Histone alterations, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, short non-coding or short RNAs, long non—coding RNAs (lncRNAs), & DNA methylation are just a few biological processes involved in epigenetic events. These various modifications are intricately linked. The transcriptional potential of genes is closely conditioned by epigenetic control, which is crucial in normal growth and development. Epigenetic mechanisms transmit genomic adaptation to an environment, resulting in a specific phenotype. The purpose of this systematic review is to glance at the roles of Estrogen signalling, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, DNA methylation in breast cancer progression, as well as epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer therapy, with an emphasis on functionality, regulatory factors, therapeutic value, and future challenges.
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    Mechanistic role of HPV-associated early proteins in cervical cancer: Molecular pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2022-06) Bhattacharjee, Rahul; Das, Sabya Sachi; Biswal, Smruti Sudha; Nath, Arijit; Das, Debangshi; Basu, Asmita; Malik, Sumira; Kumar, Lamha; Kar, Sulagna; Singh, Sandeep Kumar; Upadhye, Vijay Jagdish; Iqbal, Danish; Almojam, Suliman; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Ojha, Shreesh; Ruokolainen, Janne; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Department of Applied Physics; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Molecular Materials; Wood Chemistry; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology; Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra; National Institute of Technology, Rourkela; West Bengal University of Technology; Amity University; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Parul Institute of Applied Sciences; Majmaah University; Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia; Assam University; United Arab Emirates University; Sharda University
    Purpose: Cervical cancer (CC), one of the major causes of death of women throughout the world is primarily caused due to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16 and 18. The early region (E) oncoproteins of HPV are associated with the etiopathogenesis and contribute to the progression of cancer. The present article comprehensively discussed the structural organization and biological functions of all E proteins of HPV and their contribution to progression of CC with an intent to decipher the pathological hallmarks and their relationship. Additionally, the role of E proteins in reference to therapeutics will also be presented. Methods: A systematic search has been carried out for articles published in PubMed database by using combinations of different keywords with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) including cervical cancer, HPV, E proteins, and signaling. Results: From the analysis of literature review, its apparent that E proteins are the major contributor to disease progression. E1, E2, and E4 forms are mainly associated with viral integration, replication, and transcription whereas E6 and E7 act as an oncoprotein and are associated with the progression of cancer. E5 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and facilitates the activity of E6 and E7. Additionally, E proteins were observed associated with numerous cell signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, Wnt, Notch and reasonably contribute to the initiation of malignancy, cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Knowing the role and interplay of each protein in initiation to progression of CC, their therapeutic significance has been elucidated. The present study observations demonstrate that E6 and E7 are the major cause of HPV-mediated CC progression. E1, E2, and E5 also act as a backbone for E6 and E7 and most of the current approaches have targeted E6 and E7 mediated action only. Conclusion: The present review illustrates the structural organization as well as function and regulation of all early proteins of HPV and their association with several cellular signaling pathways. The observations provide clue on the regulatory aspect of these proteins in initiation to progression and reasonably represent that targeting these proteins could be a novel therapeutic strategy for CC. In particular, its seemingly appears that inhibition of the activity of E6 and E7 oncoproteins may be a better selective target to delay the progression of CC. The review reaffirms the role of E proteins and encourages future studies on developing diagnostics, and most importantly therapeutics strategies targeting E6 and E7 oncoproteins to tackle CC related morbidity and mortality.
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    Molecular mechanism(s) of regulation(s) of c-MET/HGF signaling in head and neck cancer
    (BioMed Central, 2022-01-26) Raj, Sibi; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Kumar, Arun; Rathi, Brijesh; Sharma, Ashok; Gupta, Piyush Kumar; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Slama, Petr; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Kumar, Dhruv; Department of Applied Physics; Amity University; Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Center; University of Delhi; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Sharda University; Mendel University in Brno; Assam University
    Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer across the globe. This is generally associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption. Cancer in the pharynx majorly arises through human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, thus classifying head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) into HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs. Aberrant, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) signal transduction favors HNSCC progression by stimulating proliferation, motility, invasiveness, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis. c-MET upregulation can be found in the majority of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. c-MET pathway acts on several downstream effectors including phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ), cellular Src kinase (c-Src), phosphotidylinsitol-3-OH kinase (PI3K), alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathways. c-MET also establishes a crosstalk pathway with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and contributes towards chemoresistance in HNSCC. In recent years, the signaling communications of c-MET/HGF in metabolic dysregulation, tumor-microenvironment and immune modulation in HNSCC have emerged. Several clinical trials have been established against c-MET/ hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling network to bring up targeted and effective therapeutic strategies against HNSCC. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism(s) and current understanding of c-MET/HGF signaling and its effect on HNSCC. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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    Oxidative stress in cancer cell metabolism
    (MDPI AG, 2021-05) Arfin, Saniya; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Ruokolainen, Janne; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Rathi, Brijesh; Kumar, Dhruv; Department of Applied Physics; Molecular Materials; Amity University; Sharda University; Assam University; University of Delhi
    Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes whereas deregulated ROS leads to the development of a diseased state in humans including cancers. Several studies have been found to be marked with increased ROS production which activates pro-tumorigenic signaling, enhances cell survival and proliferation and drives DNA damage and genetic instability. However, higher ROS levels have been found to promote anti-tumorigenic signaling by initiating oxidative stress-induced tumor cell death. Tumor cells develop a mechanism where they adjust to the high ROS by expressing elevated levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify them while maintaining pro-tumorigenic signaling and resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, ROS manipulation can be a potential target for cancer therapies as cancer cells present an altered redox balance in comparison to their normal counterparts. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the generation and sources of ROS within tumor cells, ROS-associated signaling pathways, their regulation by antioxidant defense systems, as well as the effect of elevated ROS production in tumor progression. It will provide an insight into how pro-and anti-tumorigenic ROS signaling pathways could be manipulated during the treatment of cancer.
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    Phytochemicals from Indian ethnomedicines: Promising prospects for the management of oxidative stress and cancer
    (MDPI AG, 2021-10) Fatima, Nishat; Baqri, Syed Shabihe Raza; Alsulimani, Ahmad; Fagoonee, Sharmila; Slama, Petr; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Haque, Shafiul; Department of Applied Physics; Shia PG College; Jazan University; CNR-ENEA-EURATOM Association; Mendel University in Brno; Assam University
    Oxygen is indispensable for most organisms on the earth because of its role in respiration. However, it is also associated with several unwanted effects which may sometimes prove fatal in the long run. Such effects are more evident in cells exposed to strong oxidants containing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The adverse outcomes of oxidative metabolism are referred to as oxidative stress, which is a staple theme in contemporary medical research. Oxidative stress leads to plasma membrane disruption through lipid peroxidation and has several other deleterious effects. A large body of literature suggests the involvement of ROS in cancer, ageing, and several other health haz-ards of the modern world. Plant-based cures for these conditions are desperately sought after as supposedly safer alternatives to mainstream medicines. Phytochemicals, which constitute a diverse group of plant-based substances with varying roles in oxidative reactions of the body, are impli-cated in the treatment of cancer, aging, and all other ROS-induced anomalies. This review presents a summary of important phytochemicals extracted from medicinal plants which are a part of Indian ethnomedicine and Ayurveda and describes their possible therapeutic significance.
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    Radical scavenging activity of Chlorophytum borivilianum L. root extract and its protective role in cauda epididymal sperm integrity in Mus musculus after gamma irradiation
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2023) Vyas, Ruchi; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Lukac, Norbert; Slama, Petr; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Sisodia, Rashmi; University of Rajasthan; Department of Applied Physics; Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra; Mendel University in Brno; Assam University; Department of Applied Physics
    Background: Chlorophytum borivilianum L. is a recognized herbal medicine for the management of impotency in South Asian countries. In Ayurveda, it is used for the management of multiple health conditions, including diabetes, infection, and cardiovascular diseases. Parts of the plant have been used as excellent antioxidants and scavengers of free radicals. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in spermatogenesis and fertility in male populations, this study evaluated the role of ethanolic extract of C. borivilianum roots in epididymal sperm maturation against adversities posed by ionizing gamma irradiation. Materials and methods: Antioxidant potential of C. borivilianum root extract (CRE) was evaluated through DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) and NO (nitric oxide) scavenging assays. Four groups of healthy Swiss albino mice were constituted, which were labeled as follows: Group I: sham control, Group II: 7-day pre-treatment with 50 mg/kg CRE, Group III: 6 Gy irradiation without pre-treatment, and Group IV: 7-day pre-treatment with 50 mg/kg CRE and 6 Gy irradiation on day 7. Swiss albino mice were observed for 30 days and later sacrificed to evaluate sperm quality parameters. Results: CRE showed a remarkable antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 46.37 μg/ml and 98.39 μg/ml for DPPH and NO, respectively. A significant decline (p < 0.001) in cauda epididymal sperm count, motility, and viability was observed in Group III animals. Group IV also showed a substantial decline (p < 0.01) in all three parameters compared to Group I; nonetheless, these were significantly higher than Group III. Morphological alterations indicated a coiled and bent tail, with the presence of cytoplasmic droplets in Group III, which declined substantially in Group IV. The ultrastructure of sperm indicated higher curvature of hook in Group III than Group IV, indicating specific interferences in the sperm maturation process. Conclusion: It was concluded that pre-treatment with 50 mg/kg body weight of CRE could protect sperm during epididymal maturation against oxidative stress.
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    Re-establishing the comprehension of phytomedicine and nanomedicine in inflammation-mediated cancer signaling
    (ACADEMIC PRESS, 2022-11) Jha, Niraj Kumar; Arfin, Saniya; Jha, Saurabh Kumar; Kar, Rohan; Dey, Abhijit; Gundamaraju, Rohit; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Gupta, Piyush Kumar; Dhanasekaran, Sugapriya; Abomughaid, Mosleh Mohammad; Das, Sabya Sachi; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Dua, Kamal; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Kumar, Dhruv; Ruokolainen, Janne; Ojha, Shreesh; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Department of Applied Physics; Molecular Materials; Sharda University; Amity University; Indian Institute of Management; Presidency College India; University of Tasmania; King Abdulaziz University; University of Bisha; Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra; Lovely Professional University; University of Technology Sydney; Assam University; United Arab Emirates University
    Recent mounting evidence has revealed extensive genetic heterogeneity within tumors that drive phenotypic variation affecting key cancer pathways, making cancer treatment extremely challenging. Diverse cancer types display resistance to treatment and show patterns of relapse following therapy. Therefore, efforts are required to address tumor heterogeneity by developing a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach that combines targeted therapies. Inflammation has been progressively documented as a vital factor in tumor advancement and has consequences in epigenetic variations that support tumor instigation, encouraging all the tumorigenesis phases. Increased DNA damage, disrupted DNA repair mechanisms, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and its incursion are a few pro-cancerous outcomes of chronic inflammation. A clear understanding of the cellular and molecular signaling mechanisms of tumor-endorsing inflammation is necessary for further expansion of anti-cancer therapeutics targeting the crosstalk between tumor development and inflammatory processes. Multiple inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, Wnt signaling cascade, and TGF-β/Smad signaling, have been found to regulate inflammation, which can be modulated using various factors such as small molecule inhibitors, phytochemicals, recombinant cytokines, and nanoparticles (NPs) in conjugation to phytochemicals to treat cancer. Researchers have identified multiple targets to specifically alter inflammation in cancer therapy to restrict malignant progression and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. siRNA-and shRNA-loaded NPs have been observed to downregulate STAT3 signaling pathways and have been employed in studies to target tumor malignancies. This review highlights the pathways involved in the interaction between tumor advancement and inflammatory progression, along with the novel approaches of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems currently used to target inflammatory signaling pathways to combat cancer.
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    Recent Publication Trends in Radiotherapy and Male Infertility over Two Decades
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2022-05-12) Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Das, Anandan; Panner Selvam, Manesh Kumar; Chakraborty, Saptaparna; Slama, Petr; Sikka, Suresh C.; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Assam University; Tulane University; Mendel University in Brno; Department of Applied Physics; Department of Applied Physics
    Radiotherapy, a popular cancer management procedure, negatively impacts reproductive health particularly by reducing the fertility potential. The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trend in radiotherapy associated with male infertility over the past 20 years (2000-May 2021). SCOPUS database was used to retrieve relevant scientometric data (publication per year, affiliation, journals, countries, type of document and area of research) for different subgenres of radiotherapy and male infertility. A total of 275 articles were published related to radiotherapy and male infertility, with the United States being the most dominant country in research output in this field. Radiotherapy and male infertility research have shown positive growth over the last two decades. In-depth analysis revealed that publications (n) related to radiotherapy and male infertility research mainly focused its impact on semen parameters (n = 155) and fertility preservation techniques (n = 169). Our scientometric results highlight a limited research focus on the field of radiotherapy and its impact on male reproductive hormones. Furthermore, a significant lack of research was noticed in the area of omics and male reproductive organs linked to radiotherapy. Substantial research is warranted to further decipher the effect of radiotherapy, at molecular level, leading to male infertility.
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    Recent updates on correlation between reactive oxygen species and synbiotics for effective management of ulcerative colitis
    (Frontiers Media, 2023) Ashique, Sumel; Mishra, Neeraj; Garg, Ashish; Sibuh, Belay Zeleke; Taneja, Pankaj; Rai, Gopal; Djearamane, Sinouvassane; Wong, Ling Shing; Al-Dayan, Noura; Roychoudhury, Shatabhisha; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Slama, Petr; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Gupta, Piyush Kumar; Department of Applied Physics; Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy; Amity University; Rani Durgavati University; Sharda University; Guru Ramdas Institute of Science and Technology; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman; INTI International University; Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University; Assam University; Mendel University in Brno
    Ulcerative colitis (UC) is presently considered a multifactorial pathology, which may lead to persistent inflammatory action of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) because of an improperly managed immunological reactivity to the intestinal microbiota found in the GIT. The immune response to common commensal microbes plays an essential role in intestinal inflammation related to UC synbiotics, and it is an important element in the optimal therapy of UC. Therefore, synbiotics, i.e., a mixture of prebiotics and probiotics, may help control the diseased state. Synbiotics alleviate the inflammation of the colon by lowering the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improving the level of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Prebiotic supplementation is not a common practice at the moment, despite numerous research findings proving that the benefits of both probiotics and prebiotics encourage their continued existence and positioning in the GIT, with positive effects on human health by managing the inflammatory response. However, the fact that there have been fewer studies on the treatment of UC with different probiotics coupled with selected prebiotics, i.e., synbiotics, and the outcomes of these studies have been very favorable. This evidence-based study explores the possible role of ROS, SOD, and synbiotics in managing the UC. The proposed review also focuses on the role of alteration of gut microbiota, antioxidant defense in the gastrointestinal tract, and the management of UC. Thus, the current article emphasizes oxidative stress signaling in the GI tract, oxidative stress-based pathomechanisms in UC patients, and UC therapies inhibiting oxidative stress’ effects.
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    Scavenging properties of plant-derived natural biomolecule para-coumaric acid in the prevention of oxidative stress-induced diseases
    (MDPI AG, 2021-08) Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Sinha, Barnali; Choudhury, Birupakshya Paul; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Palit, Partha; Kundu, Surekha; Mandal, Subhash C.; Kolesarova, Adriana; Yousef, Mokhtar Ibrahim; Ruokolainen, Janne; Slama, Petr; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Department of Applied Physics; Molecular Materials; Assam University; Sharda University; University of Calcutta; Jadavpur University; Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra; Alexandria University; Mendel University in Brno
    Para-coumaric acid (p-CA) is a plant derived secondary metabolite belonging to the phenolic compounds. It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and found mainly in pizza, vegetables, and cereals. Various in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed its scavenging and antioxidative properties in the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. This evidence-based review focuses on the protective role of p-CA including its therapeutic potential. p-CA and its conjugates possesses various bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-melanogenic properties. Due to its potent free radical scavenging activity, it can mitigate the ill effects of various diseases including arthritis, neurological disorders, and cardio-vascular diseases. Recent studies have revealed that p-CA can ameliorate the harmful effects associated with oxidative stress in the reproductive system, also by inhibiting enzymes linked with erectile function.
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    Synthesis, in silico study, and anti-cancer activity of thiosemicarbazone derivatives
    (MDPI AG, 2021-10) Sibuh, Belay Zeleke; Gupta, Piyush Kumar; Taneja, Pankaj; Khanna, Sonia; Sarkar, Paratpar; Pachisia, Sanya; Khan, Abrar Ali; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Dua, Kamal; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Pandey, Sadanand; Slama, Petr; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Sharda University; University of Delhi; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; University of Technology Sydney; Lovely Professional University; Yeungnam University; Mendel University in Brno; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Assam University
    Thiosemicarbazones are known for their biological and pharmacological activities. In this study, we have synthesized and characterized 3-Methoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-MBTSc) and 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (4-NBTSc) using IR,1HNMR and13C NMR. The compound’s in vitro anticancer activities against different cell lines were evaluated. Molecular docking, Insilco ADMET, and drug-likeness prediction were also done. The test compounds showed a comparative IC50 and growth inhibition with the standard drug Doxorubicin. The IC50 ranges from 2.82 µg/mL to 14.25 µg/mL in 3-MBTSc and 2.80 µg/mL to 7.59 µg/mL in 4-NBTSc treated cells. The MTT assay result revealed, 3-MBTSc inhibits 50.42 and 50.31 percent of cell growth in B16-F0 and EAC cell lines, respectively. The gene expression showed that tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN and BRCA1 are significantly upregulated in 7.42 and 5.33 folds, and oncogenes, PKC, and RAS are downregulated −7.96 and −7.64 folds, respectively in treated cells. The molecular docking performed on the four targeted proteins (PARP, VEGFR-1, TGF-β1, and BRAFV600E) indicated that both 4-NBTSc and 3-MBTSc potentially bind to TGF-β1 with the best binding energy of −42.34 Kcal/mol and −32.13 Kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the test compound possesses desirable AD-MET and drug-likeness properties. Overall, both 3-MBTSc and 4-NBTSc have the potential to be multitargeting drug candidates for further study. Moreover, 3-MBTSc showed better activity than 4-NBTSc.